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PSYC 371 > Week 3 slides > Flashcards

Week 3 slides Flashcards

1
Q

Whih therapy had the highest efficacy acording to studies?

A. CBT
B. Psychodynamic
C. Humanistic
D. Developmental

A

A. CBT

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2
Q

What did Hans Eysenck’s findings suggest?

A. Psychoanalysis had the highest remission rate.
B. No treatment resulted in a 72% remission rate.
C. Eclectic therapy was ineffective.
D. All treatments had equal remission rates.

A

B. No treatment resulted in a 72% remission rate.

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3
Q

What is a characteristic feature of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in comparison to other therapeutic approaches?

A. It primarily focuses on past experiences.
B. It is not time-limited.
C. The patient makes the major effort during the therapy sessions.
D. It is present-focused.

A

D. It is present-focused.

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4
Q

What does the ‘Dodo Bird Verdict’ imply in the context of psychotherapy outcomes?

A. One therapy is effective for all.
B. No therapies are effective.
C. All therapies are equally effective.
D. The most modern therapy is the most effective.

A

C. All therapies are equally effective.

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5
Q

In the CBT model for anxiety, what role does ‘Misinterpretation of Threat’ play?

A. It influences avoidant coping.
B. It reduces anxiety.
C. It is the main cause of anxiety.
D. It is reduced by exposure.

A

A. It influences avoidant coping.

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6
Q

What is a key principle in optimizing inhibitory learning in the context of exposure therapy for anxiety?

A. Eliminating fear.
B. Ensuring that only dangerous things elicit fear.
C. Teaching a new association of fear.
D. Avoiding experiences of fear.

A

C. Teaching a new association that fear is not dangerous.

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7
Q

Which of the following is a key component of Cognitive Restructuring in CBT for anxiety?

A. It focuses on changing behavior.
B. It emphasizes changing maladaptive beliefs.
C. It is designed to treat avoidant coping.
D. It prioritizes exposure to feared stimuli.

A

B. It emphasizes changing maladaptive beliefs.

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8
Q

In the context of exposure therapy for anxiety, what does ‘Habituation’ refer to?

A. Gaining the habit of being in constant fear.
B. The increase of anxiety over time.
C. The avoidance of the feared stimulus.
D. The process of becoming accustomed to the feared stimulus.

A

D. The process of becoming accustomed to the feared stimulus.

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9
Q

What is a potential risk associated with the ‘Flooding’ technique in exposure therapy?

A. It may be too intense and cause a patient to terminate therapy.
B. It may lead to a rapid decrease in anxiety, making the therapy too easy.
C. It may be too gradual for some patients, causing them to lose interest.
D. It may lead to the patient feeling overly confident and skipping sessions.

A

A. It may be too intense and cause a patient to terminate therapy.

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10
Q

In the context of CBT for Panic Disorder, what is the purpose of ‘Interoceptive Exposure’?

A. To avoid any internal sensations.
B. To reduce fear of internal sensations.
C. To increase sensitivity to internal sensations.
D. To ignore internal sensations.

A

B. To reduce fear of internal sensations.

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11
Q

What does ‘Safety Behavior’ in the context of CBT for Social Anxiety refer to?

A. Avoiding social interactions.
B. Ensuring physical safety.
C. Engaging in actions to prevent feared outcomes.
D. Engaging in social interactions without any fear.

A

C. Engaging in actions to prevent feared outcomes.

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12
Q

What role does ‘Cognitive Restructuring’ play in CBT for anxiety?

A. It focuses on changing maladaptive beliefs.
B. It emphasizes the importance of avoiding feared stimuli.
C. It prioritizes addressing behaviors.
D. It aims to change a person’s values.

A

A. It focuses on changing maladaptive beliefs.

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13
Q

In the context of CBT for Panic Disorder, what does ‘Catastrophic Misinterpretation’ refer to?

A. Misunderstanding the severity of bodily sensations.
B. Misnterpreting bodily sensations as signs of impending disaster.
C. Misinterpreting positive sensations as negative.
D. Misinterpreting external events as dangerous.

A

B. Misnterpreting bodily sensations as signs of impending disaster.

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14
Q

What does ‘Exposure’ in CBT for Panic Disorder primarily focus on?

A. Gradually reducing exposure to feared stimuli.
B. Gradually increasing the intensity of feared stimuli.
C. Gradually confronting feared stimuli to reduce avoidance.
D. Gradually introducing feared stimuli without response prevention.

A

C. Gradually confronting feared stimuli to reduce avoidance.

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15
Q

What is the role of ‘Mindfulness’ in CBT for Generalized Anxiety Disorder?

A. To focus attention on the present moment judgementally.
B. To focus attention on the present moment non-judgmentally.
C. To focus attention on past events judgementally.
D. To focus attention on past events non-judgementally.

A

B. To focus attention on the present moment non-judgmentally.

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16
Q

In the context of CBT for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, what is the purpose of ‘Exposure and Response Prevention’?

A. To gradually expose to feared stimuli and encourage habitual responses.
B. To gradually expose to non-feared stimuli and prevent habitual responses.
C. To expose to feared stimuli and encourage habitual responses.
D. To expose to feared stimuli and prevent habitual responses.

A

D. To expose to feared stimuli and prevent habitual responses.

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17
Q

In the context of CBT for Depression, what does ‘Cognitive Reappraisal’ refer to?

A. Changing the interpretation of a situation to alter its emotional impact.
B. Changing the interpretation of a situation to maintain its emotional impact.
C. Changing the interpretation of a situation to increase its emotional impact.
D. Changing the interpretation of a situation without considering its emotional impact.

A

A. Changing the interpretation of a situation to alter its emotional impact.

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18
Q

What is the primary focus of ‘Problem-Solving’ in CBT for Depression?

A. To develop skills to effectively manage problematic situations.
B. To develop skills to avoid problematic situations.
C. To develop skills to ignore problematic situations.
D. For the therapist to solve the patient’s problems.

A

A. To develop skills to effectively manage problematic situations.

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19
Q

What is the primary goal of ‘Cognitive Restructuring’ in CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder?

A. To change a person’s social values.
B. To change maladaptive beliefs about social situations.
C. To avoid social situations.
D. To engage in social situations.

A

B. To change maladaptive beliefs about social situations.

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20
Q

In CBT for PTSD, what is the purpose of ‘Exposure’?

A. To avoid trauma-related stimuli.
B. To gradually confront trauma-related stimuli.
C. To immediately confront trauma-related stimuli without preparation.
D. To replace trauma-related stimuli with non-trauma-related stimuli.

A

B. To gradually confront trauma-related stimuli.

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21
Q

In the context of CBT for Substance Use Disorders, what does ‘Functional Analysis’ involve?”

A. Analyzing the triggers of substance use.
B. Analyzing the negative consequences of substance use.
C. Analyzing the relationship between triggers, behaviors, and consequences.
D. Finding new functions for addictive personality traits.

A

C. Analyzing the relationship between triggers, behaviors, and consequences.

22
Q

What role does ‘Skills Training’ play in CBT for Substance Use Disorders?”

A. To teach the consequences of substance use.
B. To analyze existing maladaptive behaviors.
C. To teach alternative behaviors to substance use.
D. To make patients afraid of substances.

A

C. To teach alternative behaviors to substance use.

23
Q

What was Hans Eysenck’s significant contribution to psychotherapy?

A. He developed the first form of psychotherapy.
B. He disproved all forms of cpsychotherapy.
C. He specialized in eclectic therapy.
D. He was the first person to formally evaluate psychotherapy.

A

D. He was the first person to formally evaluate psychotherapy.

24
Q

Who was the first person to formally evaluate psychotherapy?

A. Aaron Beck
B. Albert Ellis
C. Saul Rosenzweig
D. Hans Eysenck

A

D. Hans Eysenck

25
Q

Which therapy approach assumes that mental health problems arise due to problems with cognitions and behavior?

A. Cognitive Behavioral
B. Psychoanalytic
C. Person-Centered
D. Interpersonal

A

A. Cognitive Behavioral

26
Q

What is the primary focus of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)?

A. Past experiences
B. Present experiences
C. Future experiences
D. Unconscious experiences

A

B. Present experiences

27
Q

What is the effect size of therapy according to Lipsey & Wilson (1993)?

A. 0.50 to 0.70
B. 0.80 to 1.00
C. 1.00 to 1.20
D. 1.20 to 1.40

A

B. 0.80 to 1.00

28
Q

What is the primary causal factor where intervention is applied in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy?

A. Unconscious conflict
B. Nurturing the core self
C. Learning and responses
D. Faulty relationship styles

A

C. Learning and responses

29
Q

What is the primary goal of exposure in CBT for Anxiety Disorders?

A. Analyze misappraisals
B. Increase client’s ability to tolerate fear
C. Reduce fear
D. Extinguish conditioned responses

A

D. Extinguish conditioned responses(гасить условные реакции)

30
Q

What is NOT a core intervention in CBT according to the material?

A. Free assocation
B. Cognitive Restructuring
C. Exposure
D. Skills Training

A

A. Free assocation

31
Q

According to Eysenck’s findings, which had the highest percentage of patients achieving remission?

A. Psychoanalysis
B. Eclectic therapy
C. No treatment
D. Behavioral therapy

A

C. No treatment

32
Q

What was a major critique of Eysenck’s review of psychotherapy?

A. It was too controlled and therefore not widely applicable.
B. It was uncontrolled research.
C. It was too recent.
D. It was too old.

A

B. It was uncontrolled research.

33
Q

According to the meta-analysis by Smith, Glass & Miller (1980), the average patient with psychotherapy is better off than what percentage of people who remain untreated?

A. 50%
B. 70%
C. 80%
D. 90%

A

C. 80%

34
Q

Which statement is true regarding the impact of therapy according to modern meta-analyses?

A. Therapy is not better than no-treatment control.
B. Therapy has smaller effect sizes than many educational and medical interventions.
C. Therapy is only effective for a small subset of disorders.
D. The average psychotherapy patient is better off than 79% of patients in control groups.

A

D. The average psychotherapy patient is better off than 79% of patients in control groups.

35
Q

What is a significant implication of treatment research?

A. Determining which therapies should be covered by insurance.
B. Recruiting patients into therapy.
C. Determining who will get therapy.
D. Training therapists.

A

A. Determining which therapies should be covered by insurance.

36
Q

Which therapy type has increased in popularity the most from 1981 to 2010?

A. Eclectic/Integrative
B. Cognitive
C. Existential
D. Humanistic

A

B. Cognitive

37
Q

What did Wampold et al. (1997) conclude about the efficacy of bona fide treatments?

A. Only psychodynamic therapies are effective.
B. Only CBT programs are effective.
C. They hardly differ at all in efficacy.
D. They differ significantly in efficacy.

A

C. They hardly differ at all in efficacy.

38
Q

What did Wampold et al. conclude about the Dodo Bird Verdict?

A. It was confirmed.
B. It was rejected.
C. Their results were inconclusive.
D. They did not study the Dodo Bird Verdict.

A

A. It was confirmed.

39
Q

What is the primary purpose of ‘Cognitive Restructuring’ in the CBT model for anxiety?

A. To confirm the patient’s negative beliefs.
B. To change the patient’s negative beliefs.
C. To ignore the patient’s negative beliefs.
D. To validate the patient’s negative beliefs.

A

B. To change the patient’s negative beliefs.

40
Q

What is one critique of the “Dodo Bird Verdict”?

A. It provides a universal solution for all psychological issues.
B. It is not widely accepted.
C. It suggests that any form of psychotherapy can be recommended for any problem.
D. It is not based on evidence.

A

C. It suggests that any form of psychotherapy can be recommended for any problem.

41
Q

What was a critique of Wampold et al. (1997)’s study on the efficacy of bona fide treatments?

B. The treatments were not bona fide.
C. The study did not include enough participants.
C. The study only focused on a single therapy type.
D. The treatments were all CBT programs.

A

D. The treatments were all CBT programs.

42
Q

According to Smith, Glass, & Miller (1980), which type of therapy had the highest effect size?

A. Cognitive
B. Behavioral
C. Psychodynamic
D. Humanistic

A

A. Cognitive

43
Q

What is considered a large effect size according to the scale provided by Smith, Glass, & Miller (1980)?

A. 0.20
B. 0.50
C. 0.80
D. 1.00

A

C. 0.80

44
Q

According to Lipsey & Wilson (1993),

A. Therapy has a smaller effect size than medication but a larger effect size than education.
B. Therapy has a smaller effect size than education but a larger effect size than medication.
C. Therapy has a smaller effect size than both medication and education.
D. Therpay has a larger effect size than both medication and education.

A

D. Therpay has a larger effect size than both medication and education.

45
Q

According to Lipsey & Wilson (1993), what is the average effect size of therapy?

A. 0.80 to 1.00
B. 0.50 to 0.70
C. 0.20 to 0.40
D. 1.10 to 1.30

A

A. 0.80 to 1.00

46
Q

What is one interpretation of the “minimal therapy” control conditions effect size being 0.30 to 0.50?

A. All treatment outcomes are due to specific factors.
B. About half of all treatment outcomes are due to nonspecific factors.
C. No treatment outcomes are due to nonspecific factors.
D. About half of all treatment outcomes are due to specific factors.

A

B. About half of all treatment outcomes are due to nonspecific factors.

47
Q

Which statement accurately reflects the conclusions about therapy effectiveness presented in the material?

A. For any given disorder, only one therapy will be effective.
B. Every disorders has a specific therapy that is best for it.
C. Therapy is better than no therapy.
D. All therapy types are equally effective.

A

C. Therapy is better than no therapy.

48
Q

According to the material, which type of therapy is especially fitting for depression?

A. Exposure therapy
B. Psychoanalytic therapy
C. Humanistic therapy
D. CBT

A

D. CBT

49
Q

Instead of horse-races, psychotherapists have been focussing on

A. matching treatment types
B. creating rigid algorithms
C. utilizing clinical expertise
D. conducting research

A

A. matching treatment typesA. matching treatment types

50
Q

What potential implication of the Dodo Bird verdict is mentioned?

A. It is good since it means that we should start by trying any therapy.
B. It can have dangerous implications for practice.
C. It supports the use of eclectic/integrated therapy since such therapies include many different types.
D. We should ignore it since it has been discredited.

A

B. It can have dangerous implications for practice.

51
Q
A

PSYC 371 (6 decks)

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