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PSYC 371 > Week 4 slides > Flashcards

Week 4 slides Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary concept behind the original theory of exposure therapy?

A. Emotional Processing Theory
B. Inhibitory Learning Theory
C. Cognitive Behavioral Theory
D. Psychodynamic Theory

A

A. Emotional Processing Theory

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2
Q

According to the lecture, what is an important note regarding the effectiveness of exposure therapy?

A. It is solely dependent on the client’s habituation to fear.
B. It is linear and predictable.
C. It can be influenced by various factors.
D. It is always successful if applied correctly.

A

C. It can be influenced by various factors.

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3
Q

What does habituation within the session aim to achieve in exposure therapy according to the original theory?

A. Increase fear gradually
B. Diminish fear over time
C. Diminish fear immediately
D. Maintain a constant level of fear

A

B. Diminish fear over time

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4
Q

What does evidence suggest about within-session habituation in exposure therapy?

A. It is irrelevant to treatment outcome
B. It is the major factor affecting treatment outcome
C. It is a good predictor of treatment outcome
D. It is not a good predictor of treatment outcome

A

D. It is not a good predictor of treatment outcome

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5
Q

How does between-session habituation relate to outcome?

A. Avoidance reduction can come even without anxiety reduction
B. Distress reduction correlates with reduction of anxiety
C. Between-session habituation is correlated with within-session habituation
D. Between-session habituation is a good treatment outcome

A

A. Avoidance reduction can come even without anxiety reduction

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6
Q

What is the lesson derived from focusing on reducing fear according to the current theory of exposure therapy?

A. Fear always indicates danger
B. Fear is not dangerous if it is controlled
C. Fear should be avoided if it is interfering with your life
D. Fear can even be beneficial for us

A

B. Fear is not dangerous if it is controlled

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7
Q

What does our current theory say about optimizing inhibitory learning?

A. Therapists should focus on the clients’ fears themselves
B. The therapist helps reduce the number of fears in the clients’ life
C. Focusing on reducing fear might be counterproductive
D. Clients who cannot tolerate fear need help avoiding it

A

C. Focusing on reducing fear might be counterproductive

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8
Q

What is the goal of optimizing inhibitory learning in the current theory of exposure therapy?

A. Decrease the number of fears a client experiences daily
B. Eliminate all fear in the client
C. Focus on the client’s past fears
D. Increase the client’s ability to tolerate fear

A

D. Increase the client’s ability to tolerate fear

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9
Q

What does meta-analysis indicate about the effectiveness of relaxation therapy (RT) and CBT for generalized anxiety disorder?

A. RT is more effective than CBT
B. CBT is more effective than RT
C. RT and CBT are equally effective
D. Neither RT nor CBT is effective

A

C. RT and CBT are equally effective

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10
Q

Which therapy is superior in all domains for treating panic disorder?

A. Relaxation Therapy (RT)
B. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
C. Medication only
D. No therapy

A

B. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

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11
Q

What is the sequential approach for anxiety as mentioned in the slides?

A. Try CBT first since it is more effective, then switch to medication after 3 months if no response
B. Try medication first to get immediate relief, then switch to CBT after 3 months if no response
C. Only use CBT
D. Only use medication

A

A. Try CBT first since it is more effective, then switch to medication after 3 months if no response

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12
Q

Is medication always contraindicated during exposure?

A. Yes, always
B. No, not always
C. Only for severe cases
D. Only for mild cases

A

B. No, not always

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13
Q

Which treatment showed the highest effect size in the meta-analyses presented in the slides?

A. Benzodiazepines
B. SSRIs
C. CBT (IE+CR)
D. Anti-depressant medications

A

C. CBT (IE+CR)

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14
Q

Which treatment showed the lowest effect size in the meta-analyses presented in the slides?

A. Benzodiazepines
B. SSRIs
C. CBT (IE+CR)
D. Anti-depressant medicatinons

A

D. Anti-depressant medicatinons

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15
Q

Which of the following is NOT used to measure how well treatment is working in CBT for panic?

A. Fearful events
B. Anticipatory anxiety
C. Situational avoidance
D. Panic frequency

A

A. Fearful events

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16
Q

What is a general expectation regarding treatment gains in CBT for Panic?

A. Rapid increase in symptoms
B. Gradual reduction in symptoms
C. No change in symptoms
D. Immediate elimination of symptoms

A

B. Gradual reduction in symptoms

17
Q

Which treatment showed the highest dropout rates according to the graph?

A. Benzodiazepines
B. Anti-depressant medications
C. Cognitive behavioural therapy
D. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

A

D. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

18
Q

Which treatment showed the lowest dropout rates according to the graph?

A. Benzodiazepines
B. Anti-depressant medications
C. Cognitive behavioural therapy
D. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

A

C. Cognitive behavioural therapy

19
Q

Cognitive behavioural therapy for panic is all of the following EXCEPT

A. Providing quick relief
B. Efficacious
C. Usually better than pills
D. Cheap

A

A. Providing quick relief

20
Q

What is the goal of optimizing inhibitory learning in the current theory of exposure therapy?

A. To decrease the client’s ability to tolerate fear by exposing them to fearful stimuli.
B. To increase the client’s ability to tolerate fear by exposing them to fearful stimuli.
C. To increase the client’s ability to tolerate fear by exposing them to non-fearful stimuli.
D. To eliminate all fear in the client by avoiding fearful stimuli.

A

B. To increase the client’s ability to tolerate fear by exposing them to fearful stimuli.

21
Q

How does the evidence position CBT in comparison to other treatments for Panic and other Anxiety Disorders?

A. CBT is considered less efficacious and is not recommended.
B. CBT is considered only for severe cases and not for mild or moderate cases.
C. CBT is considered highly efficacious and often recommended as a first-line treatment.
D. CBT is considered only as a supplementary treatment alongside primary medication.

A

C. CBT is considered highly efficacious and often recommended as a first-line treatment.

22
Q

What does the evidence suggest about the sustainability of CBT effects for Panic and other Anxiety Disorders?

A. The effects are temporary and diminish rapidly post-treatment.
B. The effects are inconsistent and vary widely among individuals.
C. The effects are negligible and do not contribute significantly to long-term improvement.
D. The effects are sustained and often protect against relapse.

A

D. The effects are sustained and often protect against relapse.

23
Q

How might you describe what “exposure therapy” is, including a description of actions and its functionality?

A. A therapy where clients are gradually and systematically exposed to feared stimuli to reduce their fear and avoidance.
B. A therapy where clients are exposed to feared stimuli to increase their fear response and learn to avoid it.
C. A therapy where clients work through trauma by discussing it with their therapists.
D. A therapy where clients replace feared stimuli with non-feared stimuli.

A

A. A therapy where clients are gradually and systematically exposed to feared stimuli to reduce their fear and avoidance.

24
Q

What might you say to calm a client’s fears about starting exposure therapy?

A. Assure them that exposure therapy will eventually eliminate their fear.
B. Explain that exposure is done in a gradual, systematic way.
C. Tell them that since their fears are irrational and they should not worry about exposure.
D. Inform them that they will not need to be exposed to anything too frightening.

A

B. Explain that exposure is done in a gradual, systematic way, ensuring they feel safe and in control during sessions.

25
Q

What is a crucial component in explaining exposure therapy to a client?

A. Helping them mentally prepare for abrupt and intense exposure.
B. Ensuring they understand that the goal of eliminating their fear is worth it.
C. Ensuring they understand that exposure will only focus on minor fears and need not address the major ones.
D. Ensuring they understand that they will have control over the process.

A

D. Ensuring they understand that they will have control over the process.

26
Q

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

A. Sleep problems
B. Racing thoughts
C. Thoughts of death or suicide
D. Fatigue

A

B. Racing thoughts

27
Q

How long must symptoms persist for a diagnosis of MDD?

A. Over 2 weeks
B. Over 4 weeks
C. Over 6 weeks
D. Over 8 weeks

A

A. Over 2 weeks

28
Q

What percentage of adults will experience depression in their lifetime, according to the lecture?

A. More than 4%
B. More than 15%
C. More than 20%
D. More than 25%

A

A. More than 4%

29
Q

In 1990, depression was ranked which place for the most costly illnesses worldwide?

A. 3rd
B. 4th
C. 5th
D. 6th

A

B. 4th

30
Q

What percentage of patients with major depression recover during the first 6 months of treatment?

A. 25%
B. 50%
C. 75%
D. 100%

A

B. 50%

31
Q

What is the median duration in which patients were meeting full criteria for depression, as per the lecture?

A. 2 weeks
B. 4 weeks
C. 6 weeks
D. 8 weeks

A

B. 4 weeks

32
Q

Which of the following is NOT a core belief in depression according to the Cognitive Specificity Hypothesis?

A. Incompetence
B. Unlovability
C. Failure
D. Self-sufficiency

A

D. Self-sufficiency

33
Q

Beck’s Cognitive Triad includes negative thoughts about all EXCEPT:

A. Self
B. Future
C. Past
D. Others

A

C. Past

34
Q

According to Beck’s Cognitive Theory, schemas become solidified as:

A. Core beliefs
B. Temporary beliefs
C. Irrelevant beliefs
D. Positive beliefs

A

A. Core beliefs

35
Q
A

PSYC 371 (6 decks)

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