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HUBS192 > SKIN ANATOMY I > Flashcards

SKIN ANATOMY I Flashcards

1/ Describe layers of the skin 2/ Describe functions of the skin 3/ Understand basic classification of burns and potential complications

1
Q

what are the 7 keywords for function of skin?

A

Protect - Excrete - Maintain - Produce - Synthesize - Storage - Detect

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2
Q

what skin protects against?

A

protect underlying tissue and organs against impact, abrasion, fluid loss and chemical attack

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3
Q

excretion of skin?

A

salt, water, organic waste by integumentary glands

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4
Q

what does skin produce?

A

melanin and keratin

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5
Q

melanin vs keratin?

A

melanin: protect from ultraviolet radiation
keratin: protect from abrasion and water repellent

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6
Q

what is the purpose of vitamin D3 synthesis of skin?

A

vitamin D3 = steroid that is subsequently converted to calcitriol = a hormone important to normal calcium metabolism

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7
Q

where is lipids being store?

A
  • adipocytes in dermis
  • adipose tissue in subcutaneous layer
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8
Q

what does skin detect?

A

touch, pressure, pain, temperature stimuli –> relay the information to the nervous system

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9
Q

what does it mean to say skin is a composite organ?

A

it is made up of all 4 tissue types

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10
Q

3 layers of skin from superficial to deep

A

epidermis - dermis - hypodermis

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11
Q

what are the 2 layers that made up the cutaneous ?

A

epidermis and dermis

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12
Q

what is subcutaneous also referred to?

A

hypodermis (adipose tissue)

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13
Q

the 3 main characteristics of the epidermis?

A
  • stratified barrier
  • mostly keratinocytes
  • avascular
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14
Q

the 2 main characteristics of the dermis?

A
  • protein fibres –> strength
  • vascular
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15
Q

types of epithelia

A
  • simple: squamous - cuboidal - columnar
  • stratified: squamous - cuboidal - columnar
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16
Q

simple vs stratified

A

simple = single layer cell
stratified = stacked

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17
Q

what kind of epithelia is epidermis?

A

stratified squamous

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18
Q

4 main layers of epidermis (+ 1 extra) from superficial to deep

A
  • stratum corneum
    (- stratum lucidum)
  • stratum granulosum
  • stratum spinosum
  • stratum basale
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19
Q

what is the difference between thin and thick skin?

A
  • 1 extra epidermal layer, thin skin doesn’t have stratum lucidum
  • no hair at thick skin
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20
Q

examples where can find thick skin

A

palms of hands, soles of feet

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21
Q

characteristic of stratum corneum

A
  • dead, dried-out hard cells
  • no nuclei
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22
Q

characteristic of stratum granulosum

A
  • contains granules that promotes dehydration of the cell and crosslinking of keratin fibre
  • waxy material secreted into the intercellular spaces
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23
Q

characteristic of stratum spinosum

A
  • desmosomes link cells together
  • cells increasingly flattened as they move upward
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24
Q

characteristic of stratum basale

A
  • columnar regenerative cells
  • basal cell divides –> daughter cell migrates up to replenish the layer above
25
Q

what part of epidermis promotes dehydration of cell and crosslinking of keratin fibre

A

the granules in stratum granulosum

26
Q

what anchor neighboring
cells in epidermis

A

desmosomes (at stratum spinosum)

27
Q

what anchor epidermis to dermis

A

hemidesmosomes (stratum basale to dermis)

28
Q

what is the type of junction that connects epidermis to dermis

A

tight junction

29
Q

what layers contain stem cells

A

stratum basale of the epidermis

30
Q

what do the stem cells in the epidermis produce?

A

keratinocytes

31
Q

what are the 2 layers of dermis from upper to deeper?

A
  • papillary layer
  • reticular layer
32
Q

dermis main characteristics?

A
  • below epidermis, anchor via hemidesmosomes
  • not shed
33
Q

what is the papillary layer mean?

A

highly vascularised tissues for nourishment

34
Q

what consisted in both layers of the dermis?

A

blood vessels. lymphatics, sensory nerve fibres and accessory structures

35
Q

what reticular layer mean?

A
  • mesh-like structure
  • collagen and elastin fibre for strength
36
Q

what layer in dermis is mesh-like of collagen and elastin

A

reticular - support strength

37
Q

name of the 2 plexuses of the dermis?

A

cutaneous and subpapillary

38
Q

what presents at junction of dermis/hypodermis?

A

cutaneous plexus - network of blood vessels

39
Q

what is the funtion of cutaneous plexus?

A

supplies the hypodermis, deeper dermis, including the capillaries for hair follicles and sweat glands

40
Q

what branches from cutaneous plexus?

A

subpapillary plexus

41
Q

characteristic of subpapillary plexus?

A

lies deep to the papillary layer of dermis

42
Q

what does subpapillary plexus do?

A

network of blood vessels providing O2 and nutrients to upper dermis and epidermis

43
Q

what layer is not considered part of skin?

A

hypodermis - referred as ‘subcutaneous’ layer

44
Q

what dominates the hypodermis

A

adipocytes that produce subcutaneous fat

45
Q

what is the purpose of subcutaneous fat?

A
  • stores energy
  • provides insulation
46
Q

which layer is a common site of injection?

A

hypodermis - using hypodermic needles

47
Q

what layer does first-degree burn?

A

superficial - outer layer of epidermis

48
Q

red/pink, dry, painful and no blisters are signs of which type of burn?

A

first-degree

49
Q

skin remains a water and bacterial layer if which burn-degree happened?

A

first

50
Q

takes how long for first degree burn to heal?

A

3-10 days

51
Q

which layer is being affected in second degree burn?

A

epidermis + varying amount of dermis

52
Q

signs of second degree burn are?

A

painful, moist, red and blistered

53
Q

how long it takes to heal second degree burn?

A

1-2 weeks with good dressings

54
Q

what are the further symptoms if you get deep second degree burn?

A

may include whiteish waxy looking areas
hair follicles and sweat glands may remain intact
may have some loss of sensation and scarring

55
Q

which burn degree has a full thickness burns? what does that mean?

A

third-degree burn
subcutaneous tissue (may inivolve muscle and bone) burn

56
Q

varied colour from waxy white through to deep red and black is sign of which burn degree?

A

third-degree

57
Q

what happens to skin with third-degree burn?

A

hard, dry, leathery

58
Q

why can’t we feel pain in third-degree burn areas?

A

sensory nerve endings are destroyed

59
Q

third degree burn complications?

A

may required skin grafting
weeks to regenerate and scarring

HUBS192 (23 decks)

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