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Biochemistry > ETC > Flashcards

ETC Flashcards

1
Q

What is mitochondria used for?

A
  1. ATP biosynthesis
  2. mediation of cell death by apoptosis
  3. heat production
  4. intermediary metabolism
  5. genetics
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2
Q

What is the net production of ETC?

A
  • 1 NADH = 3 ATP (in one cycle 9 ATP)
  • 1 FADH = 2 ATP (in one cycle 2 ATP)
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3
Q

What are the 4 complexes of ETC?

A
  1. C1 -> NADH dehydrogenase
  2. C2 -> succinate dehydrogenase
  3. C3 ->cytochrome bc1 complex
  4. C4 -> cytochrome c oxidase
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4
Q

What is the direct link between the ETC & TCA cycle?

A

succinate dehydrogenase

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5
Q

What are the steps of the ETC?

A
  1. NADH transfers electrons to C1 -> 4 H+ transferred from matrix to intermembrane space
  2. FADH2 transfers electrons to C2
  3. coenzyme Q carries electrons from C1/C2 to C3 -> 4 H+ transferred from matrix to intermembrane space
  4. cytochrome C carries electrons from C3 to C4 -> 2 H+ transferred from matrix to intermembrane space
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6
Q

What is the final electron acceptor of the ETC?

A

oxygen

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7
Q

What are the prosthetic groups in step 1 of the ETC?

A
  • FMN
  • Fe-S centers
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8
Q

What are the prosthetic groups in step 2 of the ETC?

A
  • FAD
  • Fe-S centers
  • heme
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9
Q

What are the prosthetic groups in step 3 of the ETC?

A
  • Fe-S centers
  • heme
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10
Q

What are the prosthetic groups in step 4 of the ETC?

A
  • heme
  • Cu
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11
Q

What are the 4 principles of the chemiosmotic theory?

A
  1. inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to protons
  2. protons are pumped vectorially across inner mitochondrial membrane
  3. electron transport & ATP synthesis are tightly coupled
  4. presence of ATP synthase
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12
Q

In ATP synthase, where is F0 located?

A

within the inner mitochondrial membrane

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13
Q

In ATP synthase, where is F1 located?

A

within the mitochondrial matrix

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14
Q

How do protons drive the ATP synthesis?

A
  1. F0 binds protons & rotates
  2. ADP & Pi bind F1 and come together to form ATP
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15
Q

What is the chemiosmotic theory?

A

proton-motive force drives ATP synthase for the synthesis of ATP

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16
Q

What are the inhibitors of the ETC?

A
  • ATP synthase -> oligomycin
  • C1 -> rotenone (pesticide)
  • C3 -> antimycin A
  • C4 -> cyanide & carbon monoxide
17
Q

What are the uncouplers of ETC?

A
  • DNP: brings protons from intermmebrane to matrix without formation of ATP to make H2O
  • thermogenin: brings protons from intermembrane to matrix with formation of heat to make H2O
18
Q

When does respiration proceed in the ETC?

A

when ADP is present -> consumption of O2

19
Q

What complex is responsible for ROS production?

A

complex 3

20
Q

How can ROS be formed by mitochondrias?

A
  1. electrons can leak from the chain & bind O2 to create ROS
    OR
  2. coenzyme Q can turn into radical & give its electron to O2 to create superoxide
21
Q

What is the protection against ROS and harmful oxidative stress?

A

superoxide dismutase & catalase

22
Q

What are the mitochondrial diseases associated with the ETC?

A

neuromuscular diseases due to maternal inheritance

Biochemistry (20 decks)

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