Unit 10- The Chem Nature of Gene

Question 1

genetic material characteristics

Answer 1

must:
- replicate faithfully
- encode the pheno
- have the capactiy to vary

Question 2

Kossel

Answer 2

DNA contains 4 nitrogenous bases

Question 3

Chargaff’s Rules

Answer 3

A=T and G=C

Question 4

Griffith’s Experiments

Answer 4

demon transformation in bacteria (heat killed virulent with nonvirulent caused virulent and mouse death)

Question 5

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty Experiment

Answer 5

nature of transferring principle: DNA
(virulent bacteria w/ substance that destroyed either RNA, proteins, or DNA. only DNA has nonvirulent)

Question 6

Hershey and Chase Experiment

Answer 6

DNA carries the genetic info in bacteriophages (isoptypes for protein:sulfur and DNA:phosphorus. only P isotypic virus were radioactive)

Question 7

Watson and Crick

Answer 7

3D structure of DNa (based on Rosalind Franklin’s x-ray diffraction images)

Question 8

Nucleotides

Answer 8

sugar, phosphate, and base
- ribose = OH
- deoxyribose= H

Question 9

Purines

Answer 9

Adenine and Guanine
- 6 sided ring and 5 sides ring

Question 10

Pyrimidines

Answer 10

Cytosine and Thymine/Uracil
- single 6 sided ring

Question 11

secondary structure of DNA

Answer 11

• double helix
• backbone formed from phosphodiester bonds
• hydrogen bond and base pairing
• antiparallel and complementary strands

Question 12

direction of helixes

Answer 12

a form: small grooves diagonal to top right

b form: long grooves diagonal to top right

z form: diagonal to top LEFT

Question 13

hairpin structure

Answer 13

when a sequence of nucleotides on the DNA strands are inverted complements
- cont = no loop

Question 14

H-DNA

Answer 14

3-stranded; when DNA unwinds and one strand pairs with double-stranded DNA from another part of the molec
- uaually long seq of purines or pyrimidines
- common in mammals

Question 15

DNA methylation

Answer 15

methyl groups added to nucleotide bases
- affects 3D structure

Question 16

primary structure

Answer 16

string of nucleotides joined by phosphodiester linkages

Question 17

secondary structure

Answer 17

3D structure: helix

Question 18

nucleoside

Answer 18

deoxyribose/ribose + base

Question 19

phosphate group

Answer 19

neg charge (neutralized)
* bonds to 5’ carbon of sugar

Question 20

transcription

Answer 20

process of making RNA

Question 21

translation

Answer 21

process of making proteins

Question 22

replication

Answer 22

process of making DNA