People

Question 1

Mary Ainsworth

Answer 1

researched the effects of maternal separation on child development - secure vs. insecure attachment

Question 2

Albert Bandura

Answer 2

Social learning theory/modeling behavior (Bobo); believed that aggression is learned through a process called behavior modeling. He believed that individuals do not actually inherit violent tendencies, but they modeled them after three principles

Question 3

Diana Baumrind

Answer 3

named the parenting styles - authoritarian, permissive, authoritative

Question 4

Erik Erikson

Answer 4

Stages of psycho-social development ie. generativity vs stagnation; identity crisis

Question 5

Sigmund Freud

Answer 5

Stages of development - oral, anal, phallic, etc

Question 6

Jean Piaget

Answer 6

Stages of development - sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, formal operational.

Question 7

Carol Gilligan

Answer 7

Specialized and wrote books on girl’s development

Question 8

Harry Harlow

Answer 8

Wire vs. soft monkey-attachment

Question 8

Kohlberg

Answer 8

Moral development-preconventional, conventional, post conventional

Question 9

Lorenz

Answer 9

Imprinting (humans don’t) “fly away home”

Question 9

Vygotsky

Answer 9

Early psychologist who investigated the role of culture in child development

Question 10

Phineas Gage

Answer 10

railroad worker who had a piece of pipe blow a hole through his head; survived by his personality changed; scientists learned you could manipulate the brain.

Question 11

Candance Pert and Solomon Snyder

Answer 11

discovered the body produces its own morphine by injecting laboratory animals with morphine.

Question 12

Joseph Gall

Answer 12

founder of phrenology (thought that characteristics could be determined by bumps on the skull).

Question 13

Oliver Sacks

Answer 13

neurologist who writes books containing interesting stories about his patients (An Anthropologist from Mars; The Man who Mistook his Wife for a Hat).

Question 14

Sandra Witelson

Answer 14

gained access to the brain of Albert Einstein and discovered that a region used for mathematical thinking was 15% wider than the average brain; theorized that either Einstein was born with a gifted brain or that it grew because he used that area of his brain more often.

Question 15

Hans Burger

Answer 15

invented a machine that could detect, amplify, and record waves of electrical activity in the brain using metal electrodes pasted to the surface of the scalp (EEG).

Question 16

Heinrich Kluver and Paul Bucy

Answer 16

proved that lesions in the temporal lobe (including the amygdala) calmed ferocious monkeys.

Question 17

Vernon Mark

Answer 17

Neurosurgeon who implanted electrodes in an overly aggressive patient’s (Julia) brain and recorded the activity of the amygdala to discover if it was making her violent; discovered that high activity in the amygdala was causing violence; Mark performed surgery and destroyed part of her amygdala and caused her fits of rage to go away.

Question 18

Julia

Answer 18

Overly aggressive patient who suffered from severe fits of rage; Vernon Mark performed surgery to destroy some of her amygdala and lost most of her violent tendencies.

Question 19

Wilder Penfield

Answer 19

stimulated exposed parts of the cortex during surgery on his epileptic patients and mapped the human cortex in 1947; discovered that certain areas of the brain specialize in receiving sensory information.

Question 20

Paul Broca

Answer 20

French physician who observed people who have incurred damage in an area of the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere lose the ability to form words to produce fluent speech; region of the brain called Broca’s area.

Question 21

Carl Wernicke

Answer 21

German neurologist who found that people with damage to a part of the left temporal lobe lose their ability to comprehend speech; region of the brain called Wernicke’s Area.

Question 22

Gustav Fechner

Answer 22

German physicist who proposed that each side of the brain has its own mind; speculated if the brain was divided in half, you would have two separate streams of consciousness.

Question 23

Philip Vogel and Joseph Bogen

Answer 23

Two neurosurgeons who described the case of a severe epileptic man who had a split-brain procedure done; his behavior seemed normal at first, but after further research it was realized that there were side effects.

Question 24

Roger Sperry

Answer 24

conducted a study in 1968 showing that the two halves of the brain work together; took split-brain patients (client named NG) and had them focus on a black dot while occasionally flashing a picture of a spoon; when spoon was shown in the right hemisphere NG could say spoon because it went to the left brain; when spoon was shown in the left hemisphere NG couldn’t say spoon but could pick it out because it went to the right brain; Sperry said in split brain subject the two sides function independently, but in normal brains the two sides work together.

Question 25

Michael Gazzaniga

Answer 25

worked with Sperry; conducted a similar experiment to Sperry using the word tea cup instead.

Question 26

Jerre Lecy

Answer 26

took pictures of various faces and cut them and pasted different halves together; had patients stare at different halves of the picture and report who they saw.

Question 27

Justine Sergent

Answer 27

explored the issue of information traveling through split brain patients through “subcortical” structures.

Question 28

Sir John Eccles

Answer 28

disagreed with Sperry’s theories of split brain patients having two different minds.

Question 29

Joseph Ledoux

Answer 29

tested a split brain patient known as PS who had the ability to communicate with the right hemisphere by arranging scrabble letter with the left hand, however the two sides of his brain often disagreed with each other.

Question 30

Mark Rosenzweig

Answer 30

built an amusement park for rats to examine the effects of an enriched environment on neural development; proved experiences can spark the growth of new synaptic connections and mold the brain’s neural architecture.

Question 31

Avi Karni and Leslie Ungerleider

Answer 31

tested the proposition that repeated stimulation of a body part would cause corresponding changes in the human brain; showed that repetition can spark the buildup of a new synaptic connection among neurons.

Question 32

Michael Merzenich

Answer 32

severed the nerve of the middle finger of an adult monkey and found that the area of somatosensory cortex dedicated to that finger did not wither away, but that nearby neurons activated by other fingers filled in the dormant region.

Question 33

V.S. Ramachandran

Answer 33

author of Phantoms in the Brain; wrote about phantom pains in amputees based off his experience with teenage soccer player, Tom Sorenson, who lost his left arm in an auto accident; stroked Tom’s face with a Q-tip and discovered different areas of the face stimulated different areas on his missing arm; “mapped” the missing arm in the boys face; discovered some nerves are interconnected.

Question 34

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 34

a Russian scientist most famous for describing the psychological phenomenon referred to as a “conditioned response”.

Question 35

B.F. Skinner

Answer 35

believed that the best way to understand behavior is to look at the causes of an action and its consequences. He called this approach operant conditioning.

Question 36

Konrad Lorenz

Question 37

William James

Answer 37

Functionalst