Respiratory System PT2 Flashcards
How does ventilation change during exercise?
Depth & rate of breathing increases
TV increases by utilising both IRV & ERV
Consequently IRV & ERV will decrease
VE increases dramatically due to TV & freq of breathing increasing
before exercise there’s slight rise (anticipatory rise) in ventilation caused by adrenaline
How does ventilation change during sub-maximal exercise?
Sudden increase in ventilation begins to slow down & may plateau
❖ This is known as steady state
❖ Brain detects energy demands of muscles being met by o2 provided
How does ventilation change during maximal exercise?
Steady state doesn’t occur
❑ Ventilation continues to increase until exercise concludes
❑ RCC detects high levels of co2 & lactate with bodies need to expel these
Describe the process of Gaseous Exchanges
Gases diffuse down a concentration gradient from area of high concentration to low
• After breathing in, alveoli have high concentration of O2, blood capillaries have low concentration
• Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries to even out concentration
What is the definition of VO2 max?
Maximum volume of O2 than can be taken & used per minute per kg of bodyweight
Measured in litres per minute per kg of body mass
What are some factors that can affect VO2 max?
GENDER: Women have lower VO2 max. Males hearts & lungs are larger
Amount of blood an athlete’s heart can pump partially determines VO2 max
BODY COMPOSITION: Research shows VO2 max decreases as body fat % increases
Much of difference between male & female is body composition
TRAINING: VO2 max can be improved by 10-20% following sustained & specific training
ALTITUDE: Lower air pressure makes O2 less available
Pressure of arterial blood also decreases, lowering VO2 max
PHYSIOLOGY: Physiological make up of athletes body affects VO2 max
% of slow twitch muscle fibres, capillary density, mitochondrial density & myoglobin levels
AGE: Research has shown that VO2 max can decrease by 10% per decade after 30
BATGAP
What are short term responses to exercise?
Respiratory centre in brain detects increased levels of CO2
Nervous impulses received by internal, external, intercostals & diaphragm
Increased rate of breathing & increased volume of thoracic activity
Breath faster & deeper
Minute Ventilation increases
Comment on the physiological/functional responses of the respiratory system when an athlete is conducting an aerobic training session
Exercise leads to:
Decreased O2 levels
Increased CO2 & lactate levels
Increased body temperature
Increased muscular fatigue
Breathing rate/depth increases (12-16/ min at rest). Endurance athletes can increase to 60/70/ min
Gaseous exchange rate increase. Deliver more O2 & remove more CO2
Muscles facilitating breathing work harder to increase expansion of thoracic cavity during inspiration
TV increases – RCC detects changes in O2 & CO2 levels
ME increases – info picked up from receptors in muscles
More CO2 removed to maintain concentration gradient & allow diffusion to occur
BIG DIM TIM
What are the long term effects of sustained aerobic training?
Diaphragm, intercostal muscles exercised regularly & increase strength
▪ Improved utilization of alveoli – efficiency will improve
▪ Increased capillarisation surrounding alveoli – greater surface area for more gaseous exchange
▪ Greater efficiency of O2 uptake and general lung function occurs
▪ Reduction of O2 debt during exercise
RIGID
What is the definition of O2 debt?
Amount of O2 required to remove lactic acid & replace body’s reserves of O2
What are the differences between unfit & fit people as an effect of sustained aerobic training?
Unfit: Ventilation = 25 breaths per minute x 4 litres = 100 litres per min
Fit: Ventilation = 18 breaths per minute x 6 litres = 108 litres per min
