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ADN002 MED SURG > Week 1 Lecture Integ > Flashcards

Week 1 Lecture Integ Flashcards

1
Q

Largest organ of the body is the

A

SKIN

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2
Q

Name the functions of skin

A

Protection
Sensation
Fluid Balance
Temperature regulation
Vitamin D production
Immune Response
Absorption
Elimination
Psychosocial

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3
Q

Keratine forms a barrier protecting internal organs from the environment. This is example of

A

Protection

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4
Q

CNS=

A

Touch, pressure, and temperature

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5
Q

ANS =

A

Blood vessel, sweat and oil glands.

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6
Q

Fluid Balance

A

Sweat through skin loss of H20 and NA+, poor skin turgor indicates dehydration

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7
Q

Temperature is regulated by

A

Convection, conduction, radiation, and evaporation

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8
Q

Hypothalamus is responsible for

A

Sweat and goosebumps

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9
Q

Synthesis of cholecalferol in skin from cholesterol is dependent on UV radiation

A

Vitamin D

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10
Q

UVB Radiation is need from sunlight for about

A

5-20 min
Darker skin= More time
Food sources= salmon, sardines, tuna eel, mushrooms, and eggs

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11
Q

Name the cells of immune response

A

Langerhans cells
Macrophages
T lymphocytes
Cytokines
Leukocytes
Mast Cells

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12
Q

Absorption

A

Meds
topical
creams lotions
ID- TB tests, allergy tests

Sub Q- Insulin, lovenox, epi,

Tanning- melanin

Elimination- Eccrine Seat glands

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13
Q

Excessive sun exposure can cause

A

Hyperpigmentation

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14
Q

Epidermis

A

Several Layers of stratified squamous epithelium

Basal Layer- Innermost layer

Basal cells are constantly being pushed up, moving older cells to the surface

Melanocytes give color to skin- melanin

Squamous layer is the outermost layer

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15
Q

Importance of Normal Flora

A

Constitute a protective host defense mechanism by occupying ecological niches

Normal Bacteria living in harmony

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16
Q

Dermis

A

Connective Tissue Layer

Contains:

Blood and lymph vessels
Nerves and nerve endings
glands
Hair follicles

Network of elastic and collagen fibers gives skin elasticity and toughness

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17
Q

Subcutaneous Layer

A

Loose connective tissue and adipose tissue

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18
Q

Name Normal Aging Changes

A

Thinning of skin ( Atrophy)
Uneven Pigmentation
Wrinkling, skin folds, and decreased elasticity
Dry Skin
Diminished Hair
Increased fragility
Reduce Healing ability
Decreased Collagen
Decreased Skin Turgor- Tenting

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19
Q

Assessment of Skin

A

Preparation of the pt.: explain the purpose, provide privacy, and coverings

Assessment Questions

Inspect entire body, including mucosa ( mouth and eyes) scalp, hair, and nails, between fingers and toes, heels, behind ears, coccyx region, and under skin folds

Photographs must be taken of all pressure wounds

If abnormal tell the pt

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20
Q

Assessment of the Skin

A

Wear gloves as appropriate

Wounds and lesions may require measurements

Photographs may be used to document nature and extent conditions and to document progress resulting from treatment. Photographs to track moles.

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21
Q

Erythema

A

Redness

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22
Q

Rash

A

Irritated or swollen skin

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23
Q

Cyanosis

A

Deoxygenation; peripheral - fingers and toes

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24
Q

Jaundice

A

Liver disease that involves the sclera

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25
Q

Vitamin A

A

Beta Carotene Toxicity

Carrots, sweet potatoes, kale, and spinach - stored in adipose tissue

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26
Q

Pruritus

A

Itching

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27
Q

Central Central

A

Diminished arterial oxygen saturation

On Skin and Mucous Membranes, tongue, lips, cheeks, etc

Clubbing and polycythemia

Warm

Cyanosis Remains

Cyanosis decreases with breathing problems

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28
Q

Peripheral

A

Diminished flow of blood to the local part

On Skin only

Not associated

Cold
Cyanosis abolished

Cyanosis persists

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29
Q

Macule

A

Primary
Circular, flat discoloration- red, brown, blue
Mongolian Spot or hypopigmented

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30
Q

Hypopigmented Diseases

A

Epstein Barr virus, syphilis, HIV, German Measles, and rubella

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31
Q

Papule

A

Primary
Raised Skin greater than 0.5 cm

Solid skin color, red, white, impacted oil gland

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32
Q

Plaque

A

Primary
Raised skin greater than 1 cm

Solid and flat Psoriasis

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33
Q

Bulla

A

Primary
Raised skin greater than 1 cm filled with serous or sero purulent fluid

2nd Degree burn

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34
Q

Vesicle

A

Primary
raised skin less than 1 cm filled with serous fluid

chicken pox

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35
Q

Wheal

A

Primary
Irregular round shaped, pallor in middle

Hives and allergic reaction

Uritcaria caused by cellular substance Histamine

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36
Q

Nodule

A

Primary
Raised 1 cm extends to the Dermis irregular growth of skin cells may be tumorous

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37
Q

Cyst

A

Primary
Sac filled with fluid, blood, serous, purulent, or gas

Abscess, ganglion cyst, ovarian cyst, vartholin cyst

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38
Q

Atrophy

A

Secondary
Thinning of skin, appears shinier or translucent

arterial insuffiency

Erosion - Loss of epidermis or vesicle

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39
Q

Ulcer

A

Secondary
Loss of epidermis and dermis layer

Venous Stasis, diabetes, pressure

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40
Q

Fissure

A

Secondary
Linear opening in the epidermis, skin splits

dry skin, cracking- heel fissures

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41
Q

Crust

A

Secondary
Dry blood over damaged skin

Scabbing

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42
Q

Erosion

A

Secondary

Loss of epidermis aftered ruptured bulla or vesicle

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43
Q

Scar

A

Secondary
Thick fibrous tissue replacing damaged dermis, white, pink, red - healed wound

44
Q

Keloid

A

Secondary
Raised Scar

45
Q

Lichenfication

A

Secondary

Thickened or roughened skin

rubbing, scratching- Eczema, chronic dermatitis

46
Q

Scales

A

Accumulation of dead skin cells

ichthyosis vulgaris- fish scale disease

47
Q

Vascular Skin Lesions

A

Petechiae- Red or purple spots, minor bleeding into the skin- broken capillary vessels, use of the blood pressure cuff

Purpura- Purple colored spots, damaged blood vessels, and blood pooling

Thrombocytopenic Purpura- Low Platelets

48
Q

Spider Angioma

A

Swollen Blood Vessels in the epidermis
Contains central red spot

Vascular lesion of dilation of end vasculature found just beneath the skin surface

Lesion contain a central red spot and extends out like a spider’s web

49
Q

Cherry Angioma

A

Collection of small blood Vessels

Also Known as senile angioma or Campbell de Morgan Spot

50
Q

Telangiectasia

A

Venous star
Dilated veins due to increased IV pressure

51
Q

Varicose Veins

A

Enlarged Swollen and twisting superficial veins that are seen just beneath the skin , often appearing blue or dark

Happen when faulty valves in the vein allow blood to flow in the wrong direction or to pool

52
Q

What is Lichen Planus?

A

Autoimmune Disease that affects the skin

Treat with Corticosteroids - Prednisone

Immunosuppressive Drugs - Cyclosporine

Antihistamines- Hydroxyzine

53
Q

What is Tinea Corpis ?

A

Ringworm

Annular and arciform circular or arcing

Treat with topical miconazole

54
Q

What is Herpes Simplex?

A

Grouped clustered contagious sores

Treat with acyclovir and prednisone

55
Q

Herpes Simplex can cause?

A

Bells Palsy

Facial symptoms mimic a stroke

Speech and swallowing may be altered

Eye of affected side may need a patch

Bells Palsy deficits may be permanent or may improve

56
Q

Varicella Chicken Pox

A

Cause d by Varicella Zoster virus

Blister rash, itching, tiredness, and fever

57
Q

Chicken Pox can be prevented by

A

Vaccine Varicella Zoster

58
Q

Treatment usually involves relieving symptoms

A

Pain Relievers

Anti Itch

Colloidal Oatmeal

High risk groups may receive antiviral medications

59
Q

Herpes Zoster also known as

A

Shingles

Linear along a nerve route - C Zosertiform

Treat with acyclovir and prednisone

Can Cause Bell’s Palsy

60
Q

Scabies

A

Found between the fingers and wrists

Also found top of back, elbows, buttocks, armpits, abd, knees, and perineal area.

Treat with insecticide- Permethrin

Topical

61
Q

Varicella

A

Treat with acyclovir and antihistamines

Blister like rash

62
Q

EGR is

A

Erythema Gyratum Repens

Systemic Lupus Erythematous

Treat with Immunosuppressive

Hydrochloroquine used to treat with malaria

63
Q

Bulls Eye shape lesion is known as

A

Lyme Disease

Treat with topical steroids

64
Q

SJS

A

Steven Johnson Syndrome

S/S fever, skin pain, red or purple skin rash that spreads blisters on your skin and the mucous membranes of your mouth, nose, and genitals

Skin sheds within days

65
Q

Cases of SJS and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

A

Caused by a reaction to a drug

Most often Sulfa and Antibiotics, anticonvulsants,

Allopurinol and piroxicam

66
Q

TEN

A

Widespread of erythema, necrosis, and bullous detachment of the epidermis and mucous membranes resulting in exfoliation and possible death.

67
Q

SJS and TEN

A

SJS - SKin surface less than 10%

TEN- skin surface greater than 30%

15- 30 overlap between the two

68
Q

Psoriasis

A

Polycyclic Lesions

Treat with corticosteroids and NSAIDS
Immunosuppressive

ENBREL

69
Q

Uritcaria

A

Confluent- merged

Kawasaki Disease Strawberry Tongue

Treat with NSAID
Immunoglobulin

70
Q

Coxsackivirus

A

Hand Foot Mouth

Manage Symptoms

NSAID

Virus infections present as a rash

71
Q

Parasites

A

Shave the head or excessive heat kills eggs

Treat with permethrin shampoo

72
Q

Tinea Pedis

A

Athletes foot

Treat with antifungal Clotrimazole

73
Q

Onychomycosis

A

Treat with antifungal

Lamisil

74
Q

CHronic low levels of oxygen in the blood is

A

Hypoxemia

75
Q

Nail Clubbing

A

Low levels of O2 high levels of CO2.

76
Q

Candida Albicans

A

Oral thrush

Treat with Fluconazole

Oral Nystatin

Why is it common after broad scope antibiotics? Healthy bacteria killed off that control the yeast.

77
Q

Staphylococcus Aureus

A

Causes MRSA

Treat with Bactrim DS

Clindamycin

Doxycycline

Vancomycin

Pustules may occur

78
Q

VRE

A

Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci

Treat with

Doxycycline
Chloramphenicol
Rifampin
High Dose Ampicillin
Nitrofurantoin
Linezolid
Unasyn

79
Q

What are common sites for contact dermatitis ?

A

Bottom heel
Middle of top foot

Above eyebrow

Cheek below the eye

80
Q

Seborrheic Dermatitis Common Sites

A

Top Chest

Middle of the abdomen

Peri area

Top of Back

Lower back

81
Q

Acne

A

Face to Chest
Top back to middle back

Shoulder to middle of elbow

82
Q

Common Sites for scabies

A

Armpit area
Wrists
Peri Area

Line across abd umbilicus

83
Q

Herpes Zoster

A

Upper face
Alternates opposite shoulder
Striations across sides lateral

lateral striations on the legs

84
Q

Skin Biopsy detects what

A

Cancer

85
Q

Immunofluorescence

A

Detect Antibodies

86
Q

Patch Testing’s

A

Allergies

87
Q

Skin Scrapings

A

Collect Skin Cells

88
Q

Tzanck Smear

A

Blistering Skin Conditions

example Pemphius Vulgaris

Autoimmune Disorder

89
Q

Woods Light Examination

A

Black light illuminates bacteria and fungus

90
Q

Dermatologic Therapy

A

Applied topically to skin, mucous membranes for LOCAL effect

When Systemic absorption is undesirable

Purposes:
Improve barrier function, soften, remove scaly lesions
Alter skin inflammation, blood flow
Exert antimicrobial effects, affect proliferating cells

91
Q

Name the Types of Dermatologic Drugs

A

Antimicrobials
Antibiotics
Antifungals
Antivirals
Antiseptics
Corticosteroids
Immunosuppressants
Emollients and Moisturizers
Enzymes Keratolytic
Retinoids

92
Q

Name the forms of Dermatologic Therapies

A

Topical Transdermal
Creams
Lotions
Suspensions
Powders
Gels
Pastes
Ointment
Sprays
Surgical

Systemic Oral and Intravenous

93
Q

Goals of Dermatologic Therapy

A

Relieve Symptoms
Eradicate or improve lesions
Promote healing and repair
Restore Skin Integrity
Prevent Recurrence
Specific Goals depend on the condition being treated

94
Q

Prevention

A

Aware of environment
Sunscreens
Lotions
Good Hygiene
Good nutrition
Mobility
Proper Hydration
Handwashing
Strong Immune System

95
Q

Nursing Diagnosis

A

Acute Pain
Impaired Skin Integrity
Disturbed Body Image
Deficient Fluid Volume
Deficient Knowledge

96
Q

Superficial Vs Deep Laceration

A

Superficial- Outside of skin

Deep Laceration inside the body and tissue

97
Q

Avulsion

A

Action of pulling or tearing away.

98
Q

How to bring a wound together

A

Stitches
Steri Strips
Staples

99
Q

Bacitracin

A

Bacteriostatic ointment commonly applied to closed wounds as these decrease bacterial growth on skin around wound area.

100
Q

Abrasion

A

Falls against rough surface

101
Q

Puncture

A

Nails, GSW, and stabbing

102
Q

Excoriation

A

From scratching

103
Q

Shearing Forces

A

Poor skin integrity. Older adults

104
Q

Types of Burns

A

1st Degree
2nd Degree
3rd Degree

105
Q
A

ADN002 MED SURG (18 decks)

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