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Cognitive Psychology > Developmental Psychology Lecture 2-Prenatal Development & Birth > Flashcards

Developmental Psychology Lecture 2-Prenatal Development & Birth Flashcards

1
Q

What is conception?

A

The first step in the development of an individual human being happens at conception, when each of us receives a combination of genes that will shape our experiences throughout the rest of our lives

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2
Q

What is the definition of pregnancy?

A

Pregnancy is a physical condition in which a woman’s body is nurturing a developing embryo or fetus
Begins when the zygote implants itself in the lining of the woman’s uterus

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3
Q

What is implantation?

A

During fertilization the egg and sperm unite in one of the fallopian tubes to form the zygote. The zygote then travels down the tube

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4
Q

What is the start of the real pregnancy journey?

A

Implantation

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5
Q

What is gestation or prenatal development?

A

The process that transforms a zygote into a newborn

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6
Q

when does first trimester happen?

A

First day of LMP to 12 weeks after LMP

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7
Q

First trimester events, prenatal care and serious problems?

A

Events: Missed period, large breasts, abdominal thickening
Prenatal care: confirmation of pregnancy, calculation of due date, blood/urine tests
Serious Problems: Ectopic pregnancy, abnormal urine/blood tests, malnutrition

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8
Q

Second trimester events, prenatal care and serious problems?

A

Events: Weight gain “showing”, fetal movements felt, hungry
Prenatal care: monthly doctor visits, ultrasound
Serious Problems: Gestational diabetes, excessive weight gain, increased blood pressure

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9
Q

When does second trimester occur?

A

From 12 weeks after LMP to 24 weeks after LMP

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10
Q

Third trimester events, prenatal care and serious problems?

A

Events: weight gain, breast discharge
Prenatal care: weekly visits beginning at 32nd week, ultrasound to assess position of fetus
Serious Problems: Increased blood pressure, bleeding

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11
Q

When is third trimester?

A

from 25 weeks after LMP to beginning of labor

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12
Q

Which period shows the most rapid change across the entire human lifespan

A

Prenatal period

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13
Q

What is Cephalocaudal pattern?

A

Development that proceeds from the head downward

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14
Q

What is Proximodistal pattern?

A

Development that proceeds from the middle of the body outward

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15
Q

What are the 3 major phases of prenatal development?

A
  1. Period of the zygote
  2. Period of the embryo
  3. Period of fetus
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16
Q

How long does each phase last in prenatal development?

A
  1. 14 days
  2. beginning of third week through to the end of the 8th
  3. Nine weeks of pregnancy until child is born
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17
Q

Which period of prenatal development is the shortest and which is the longest

A

Period of the zygote is the shortest period and the fetal stage is the longest period

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18
Q

What is the critical period?

A

Period of the embryo when a lot of important support structures are being made

19
Q

Development of support systems for period of the zygote.

A

Amnion (amniotic fluid)→ amniotic sac; support structure for zygote itself,
Chorian→ eventually develops into placenta; provide exchange of gasses and nutrients with baby
Placenta → exchange of oxygen and nutrients
Umbilical Cord→ Waste removal

20
Q

What is the ectoderm?

A

Will become nervous system (spinal cord/brain), skin, hair

21
Q

What is the Mesoderm?

A

Will become muscles,bones,circulatory system

22
Q

What is the Endoderm?

A

Will become digestive system, lungs, urinary tract, other vital organs
Rudimentary skeleton and ears are formed and the brain is developing rapidly

23
Q

When does period of the fetus occur?

A

Last 7 months of pregnancy

24
Q

The period of the fetus

A

Last seven months of pregnancy
Period of rapid growth and refinement of all organ systems
Individual characteristics emerge (movement/facial expressions)
Survival outside uterus possible (22-28 weeks, age of viability)

25
Q

What is age of viability?

A

When the baby can live outside of the womb 22-28 weeks

26
Q

What is the process called when the pace of neural formation picks up dramatically between the 10-18 weeks

A

Neuronal Proliferation

27
Q

What is neuronal proliferation

A

When the pace of neural formation picks up dramatically between the 10th and 18th week

28
Q

What signals the development of gonads (sex chromosomes)

A

androgens

29
Q

Autosomal Disorder vs Sex linked Disorder?

A

Autosomal: on one of the 22 pairs of non sex chromosomes
Sex linked: 23rd, on the sex chromosomes

30
Q

Is Trisomy a sex linked disorder or autosomal disorder?

A

It is a autosomal disorder because the child has three copies of a specific autosome

30
Q

What is Trisomy?

A

Is a condition in which a child has three copies of a specific autosome

30
Q

Which abnormality is sex linked?
a. trisomy
b.sickle-cell disease
c.High blood pressure
d. Klinefelter

A

d

31
Q

List some example of sex linked disorders

A

Klinefelter, Turner, Fragile X syndrome, Hemophilia, Red-green color blindness, night blindness

32
Q

Which disorder is autosomal linked?
a. Turner
b. Klinefelter
c. missing front teeth
d. Albinism

A

d

33
Q

List some example of autosomal disorders

A

Huntington’s, high blood pressure, extra fingers, sickle-cell disease, albinism

34
Q

What is turner syndrome?

A

sex linked disorder
XO
short stature, low hairline

35
Q

What is Klinefelter?

A

sex linked disorder
XXY
Tall stature
feminized physique

36
Q

What is Congenital Anomaly?

A

An abnormality present at birth

37
Q

What are teratogens?

A

Environmental agents such as viruses, drugs, chemicals, radiation that can harm developing fetus

38
Q

What is the Most Common Preventable cause of intellectual disabilities in Canada and Worldwide?

A

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder FASD

39
Q

What are 2 birth complications?

A
  1. Anoxia
  2. Low birth-weight
    preterm and small-for-date
40
Q

What is anoxia?

A

Oxygen deprivation experiences by fetus during delivery (e.g. umbilical cord)
More likely to happen in breach position
RH factors mismatch

41
Q

What raises risks of anoxia?

A

1.there is much higher risk of anoxia if RH negative mother with RH positive baby
2. Breech position

42
Q

What is low for birth weight?

A

(<2500 g)
Two types
Preterm:Born 3+ weeks before due date
Small-for-date:Regardless of gestational age, has experiences slow growth and is seriously underweight, higher risk than preterm

Cognitive Psychology (19 decks)

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