Development in Adolescence Chapter 8

Question 1

What is Puberty?

Answer 1

Puberty is a process experienced by all children that propels the in the direction of physical and sexual maturity

Question 2

During puberty what happens?

Answer 2

children grow taller and stronger
Develop secondary sex characteristics
Experience a wide range of personal and social impacts

Question 3

What are the most crucial elements of puberty?

Answer 3

are the glands that make up the endocrine system
Endocrine glands produce hormones and release them into the bloodstream

Question 4

What are gonads?

Answer 4

ovaries in F, testes in M
are the major source of sex hormones estrogen and androgen

Question 5

What does HPG axis stand for?

Answer 5

hypothalamus, pituitary, and gonads

Question 6

What does the HPG form?

Answer 6

The feedback loop

Question 7

Explain HPG axis and negative feedback?

Answer 7

If the level of sex hormones is too low, the hypothalamus sends a substance called gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to the pituitary

Pituitary produces more luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

When LH and FSH reach the gonads, they increase production of sex hormone

As gonads produce and release more sex hormones, the hypothalamus monitors the rising levels

When the level reaches the set point, the hypothalamus lowers production of GnRH, which signals to the pituitary to stop producing LH and FSH

In turn, the gonads reduce production of sex hormones

Question 8

During growth spurt, how much does a girl vs a boy grow in height every year?

Answer 8

girls 8 cm and guys 9 cm

Question 9

How much sooner do girls finish their growth spurt compared to guys?

Answer 9

2 years

Question 10

When does a girls growth spurt start and when does a boys start

Answer 10

girls : 10 peak at 12
boys: 12 peak at 14

Question 11

What is the average age of menarche in Canada?

Answer 11

13, has decreased since the 20th century

Question 12

Why has the age of menarche decreased over the years?

Answer 12

Heredity (reaction range)
Environmental factors
Social and psychological factors

Question 13

Throughout the world the age of menarche is linked to what?

Answer 13

Social class

Question 14

Menarche and the secular trend?

Answer 14

Puberty is starting earlier for boys and girls now compared to 100 years ago

Question 15

3 effects of puberty timing

Answer 15

Deviance hypotheses
Stage Termination Hypothesis
Adult Resemblance Hypothesis

Question 16

What is Adult Resemblance Hypothesis

Answer 16

The idea that young adolescents who seem more adult-like will be treated more as adults, for better or worse

Question 17

What is Deviance hypotheses

Answer 17

The idea that those who enter puberty at a time noticeable different from their peers will be negatively affected

Question 18

What is Stage Termination Hypothesis

Answer 18

The idea that girls who enter puberty early suffer because they did not have time to accomplish the normal tasks of childhood

Question 19

When does teen pregnancy occurs more often ?

Answer 19

if sexual activity begins earlier
unstable family environment
if mother had children early

Question 20

What one of Erikson’s stages is involved in adolescence?

Answer 20

Identity vs role confusion: the stage during which adolescents attain a sense of who they are

Question 21

an understanding of one’s unique characteristics and how they are manifested across ages, situations, and social roles is what?

Answer 21

Identity

Question 22

According to James Marcia, adolescent identity formation has two key parts what are they?

Answer 22

a crisis and a commitment

Question 23

Identity formation can impact social relationships or vice versa who agrees with this?

Answer 23

James Marcia

Question 24

What is a crisis?

Answer 24

Crisis: a period of decision making when old values and choices are re-examined

Question 25

Four different identity statuses are possible in Marcias model: what are they

Answer 25

Identity achievement
Moratorium
Foreclosure
Identity diffusion

Question 26

Explain Identity achievement

Answer 26

The person has been through a crisis and has reached a comittment to ideological, occupational, or other goals

Question 27

Explain Moratorium

Answer 27

The identity status of a person who is in a crisis but who has made no comittment

Question 28

Explain Foreclosure

Answer 28

The identity status of a person who has made a commitment without having gone through a crisis: the person has simply accepted a parentally or culturally defined commitment

Question 29

Explain Identity diffusion

Answer 29

The identity status of a person who is not in the midst of a crisis and who has made no commitment

Question 30

Adultification:

Answer 30

the process by which a child or adolescent prematurely takes on adult roles and responsibilities (Immigrant and Indigenous youth, experience parental divorce, mental health problems, alcohol-substance abuse, and/or violence)

Question 31

What factors impact self esteem

Answer 31

school
self
relationships
Lifestyle
achievements
Experiences

Question 32

Gender-role identity is what?

Answer 32

the gender-related aspects of the psychological self

Question 33

What is Piaget’s 4th stage?

Answer 33

Formal operational stage: adolescents learn to reason logically about abstract concepts

Question 34

Egocentrism may reveal itself in 2 ways, what are they?

Answer 34

Imaginary audience
Personal fable (no one understands me!!!)

Question 35

Working more than how many hours per week is detrimental to high school students’ grades and increases personal stress

Answer 35

15 to 20

Question 36

an eating disorder characterized by binge eating and purging

Answer 36

Bulimia:

Question 37

Anorexia nervosa:

Answer 37

an eating disorder characterized by self-starvation

Question 38

Strategies to improve youth mental health

Answer 38

Early identification
Intervention
foster resilience

Question 39

systematic problem-solving

Answer 39

￭ The ability to search methodically for the answers to a problem

Question 40

Hypothetico-deductive reasoning:

Answer 40

the ability to derive conclusions from hypothetical premises

Question 41

Naïve idealism:

Answer 41

a mental construct of an ideal world as compared to the real world