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Zool 224 > Lec 10 part b > Flashcards

Lec 10 part b Flashcards

1
Q

Holocephali clades

A

Callorhynchidae

Chimaerida

Rhinochimaeidae

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2
Q

Holocephali features

A

Teeth that form beak-like feeding aparatus

Elongate snouts for electroreception

Lack tesserae or scales

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3
Q

Holocephali feeding

A

Feed on invertebrates and small fishes near the sea floor

Holostylic jaw suspension

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4
Q

Holostylic jaw suspension

A

Palatoquadrate (P) fused to neurocranium (C)

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5
Q

Holocephali reproduction

A

Mostly solitary off mating period

Males can carry cephalic clasper for copulation

Are oviparous

Maturity at 10-12 years

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6
Q

Oviparous

A

Fertilized eggs develop outside the female body

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7
Q

Elasmobranchii

A

Sister group of Holocephali

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8
Q

Batomorphi 4 clades

A

Rajiformes (A)
Torpedoiniformes (B)
Rhinoplastiformes (C)
Myliobatiformes (D)

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9
Q

Batomorphi features

A

Wide and depressed

Eyes positioned dorsally

Gills and jawed mouth are ventral

Anal fin lost

Dorsal fin modified into tail spine with one or more venom barbs

Pectoral fins well developed and fused to head

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10
Q

Batomorphi swim in

A

Wave like motions of the pectoral

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11
Q

Batomorphi feeding

A

Most are benthic (bottom dwelling)

Durophagy

Some are piscivorous and filter feeders

Hyostylic jaw suspension allows jaw to protrude in some

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12
Q

Durophagy

A

Feeding on invertebrates with hard shells

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13
Q

Batomorphi hunt with

A

Electric organs

Electroplax tissues derived from muscles on the branchial/gill arches

Active electrogenesis

Found in some members of Torpidiniformes

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14
Q

Batomorphi reproduction

A

Some species are oviparous and some are viviparous

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15
Q

Viviparous

A

Fertilized eggs develop in female

Oral feeding starts before birth

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16
Q

Selachii

A

Sister group to Batomorphie

17
Q

Shared feature of Selachii and Batomorphi

A

Relatively long rostrum (portion of the cranium in front of the eye)

Subterminal mouth

Hyostylic for mobile and protrusible jaws

Large nasal capsules

18
Q

Squalomorphi five clades

A

Hexanchiformes (A)

Squaliformed (B)

Squantiformes (C)

Pristiophoriformes (D)

Echnorhiniformes (E)

19
Q

Sawfish

A

Member of Batomorphi

Gill positioned ventrally

Lack barbels as electroceptors on the nostrum

20
Q

Sawshark

A

Member of the Squalomorphi

Gill positioned laterally next to pectoral fin

Carrying barbels as electroreceptors on the nostrum

21
Q

Squalomorphi

A

Carry a distinct spiracle to assist ventilation

Some species have tapetum lucidum (eye shine)

Lack anal fin

Fins with cartilaginous fin spines- Assist in stabilizing fins during movement

22
Q

Hexanchiformes diagnostic features

A

Lack calcified vertebrae

Loss of anterior dorsal fin

Loss of fine spines

23
Q

Galeomorphi 4 clades

A

Heterodontiformes

Orectobiformes

Lamniformes

Carcharhiniformes

24
Q

Galeomorphi diagnostic features

A

Having small spriacle or none at all

Most species lose fin spine

Carrying anal fin

Some have tapetum lucidum

25
Q

Tapetum lucidum

A

Formed by plate like guanine crystals behind the retina in the eye

Makes the eye shiny

26
Q

Selachii feeding

A

Carnivorous predators

Active hunting

Ambush hunting

Found near ocean floor

27
Q

Selachii hunting tactics

A

Suction feeding

Ramming

Biting

28
Q

Suction feeding

A

Mouth is opened rapidly, creating negative pressure that sucks in water and prey

29
Q

Ramming

A

Predator swims rapidly with mouth open

30
Q

Biting

A

Predator closes jaw on prey

31
Q

Selachii reproduction

A

Many species are oviparous some are viviparous

32
Q

Selachii

Lecithotrophy

A

Yolk supplies all necessary nutrients

33
Q

Selachii

Matrotrophy

A

Additional nutrients are supplied by female through placental attachment

34
Q

Otodus megalodon

A

Likely in Galeomorphi

Usually large teeth and body size

35
Q

Acanthodii

A

Stem-chondrichthyans in the Devonian

Small in size

Spikes on the ventral side

Lack teeth

Carry smooth scales made from bone and dentin

36
Q

Helicoprion

A

Teeth arranged in spiral whorl all in lower jaw

New teeth rotate outward old teeth are retained

37
Q
A

Zool 224 (12 decks)

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