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zool 224 > Lec 11 part b > Flashcards

Lec 11 part b Flashcards

1
Q

Polyteriformes

Extant species

A

11-13 species of Polypterus (bichirs)

1 species of Erpetoichthys (reedfish)

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2
Q

Polyteriformes Habitat

A

North and central Asia

Quiet and somewhat stagnant freshwater

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3
Q

Polyteriformes Diet

A

Bichirs are ambush piscivores

Reedfish mainly hunt invertebrates

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4
Q

Polyteriformes Diagnostic features

A

Long slender, eel like body

Accessory air-breathing organ

Series of dorsal finlets instead of single dorsal fin

Ganoid scales

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5
Q

Acipenseriformes: Acipenseridae(sturgeon) extant species

A

25 species in four genera

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6
Q

Acipenseriformes: Acipenseridae habitat

A

Fresh and epicontinental water from the northern hemisphere

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7
Q

Acipenseriformes: Acipenseridae diet

A

Carnivore

Suction feeder

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8
Q

Acipenseriformes: Polyodontidae (paddlefish)

Extant species

A

1 species from Polyodon

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9
Q

Acipenseriformes: Polyodontidae (paddlefish)

Habitat

A

Freshwater from the USA

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10
Q

Acipenseriformes: Polyodontidae (paddlefish)

Diet

A

Filter feeder using gill rackers

The now extinct Chinese is a suction carnivore

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11
Q

Acipenseriformes

Diagnostic features

A

Relatively large body

Notochord is not replace

Most of the skeleton is cartilaginous, though it could be partially ossified

Carry bony armor plates under skin

Flat rostrum capable of electroreception

Highly asymmetrical heterocercal caudal fin

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12
Q

Additional features in paddlefish

A

Bony armor plates are star shape, termed stellate bones

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13
Q

Holostei: Lepisosteiformes

Extant species

A

7 Species of gars in two genera (Lepisosteus and Aractosteus)

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14
Q

Holostei: Lepisosteiformes

Habitat

A

Quiet and stagnant freshwater from North and Central America

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15
Q

Holostei: Lepisosteiformes

Diet

A

Ambush piscivore

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16
Q

Holostei: Lepisosteiformes

Diagnostic features

A

Somewhat slender body, can grow to several meters

Modified heterocercal caudal fin

A single gas bladder with some capacity for respiration

Thick ganoid scale

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17
Q

Holostei: Amiiformes

Extant species

A

1 species, Amia calva

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18
Q

Holostei: Amiiformes

Habitat

A

Low hydrodynamic freshwater environment

Found from eastern North America, including Quebec

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19
Q

Holostei: Amiiformes

Diet

A

Carnivorous predator capable of suction feeding

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20
Q

Holostei: Amiiformes

Diagnostic features

A

Bony gular plate between lower jaws

Modified heterocercal caudal fins

A single gas bladder with some capacity for respiration

Secondarily reduced ganoid scales (enamel layer is absent)

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21
Q

Teleostei

A

Contain more than 95 percent of known extant actinopterygians

Adapted to a wide range of environment

Hox duplications may have occurred near the origin of teleosts

Many examples of homology and analogy

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22
Q

Diagnostic features of teleost

A

Modified heterocercal and homocercal caudal fins

Fin rays are typically long and flexible

Highly protrusible jaws connected by skin fold

Pharyngeal teeth on the mobile branchial arches

Carry cycloid or ctenoid scales

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23
Q

Teleostei: Osteoglossmorpha

Diagnostic features

A

Lower part of the hyoid arch carry true teeth

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24
Q

Teleostei: Elopomorpha

Species

A

Over 800 species, mostly from the clade Anguilliformes

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25
Q

Teleostei: Elopomorpha

Habitat

A

Mostly marine dwellers, but some live in freshwater after reaching adult stage

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26
Q

Teleostei: Elopomorpha

Diet

A

Typical carnivorous predators

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27
Q

Teleostei: Elopomorpha

Diagnostic features

Unique, shared development

A

Leptocephalus larval stage in marine environment

Often shrink during metamorphosis into juvenile before reaching adulthood

28
Q

Teleostei: Elopomorpha

Diagnostic features

Diverse adult forms- Anguilliformes

A

Long slender body

Usually lack pelvic fins, and sometimes pectoral fins as well

Typically has highly mobile pharyngeal jaw

29
Q

Teleostei: Elopomorpha

Diagnostic features

Diverse adult forms- Non-Anguilliformes

A

Have a more typical actinopterygian body form

30
Q

Otocephala

Clupeomorpha

Species

A

About 400 species

31
Q

Otocephala

Clupeomorpha

Habitat

A

Mostly marine

Some species are anadromous

32
Q

Otocephala

Clupeomorpha

Diet

A

Adult, feed on plankton

33
Q

Otocephala

Clupeomorpha

Diagnostic features

A

Silvery, teleost body shape

Often lack lateral line, except on the head

Tend to form large schools in fish

34
Q

Octocephala: Ostariophysi

Species

A

Over 10k species

Mostly from the clade Otophysi

Make up 80 percent of freshwater actinopterygian species

35
Q

Octocephala: Ostariophysi

Diagnostic features

A

Alarm substance in the skin (Schrekstoff)

Members of Otophysi have a Weberian apparatus (series of bones connecting the gas bladder to inner hear, for improved hearing

36
Q

Schrekstoff alarm

A

Highly sensitive

Can be detected from fresh wounds

Can be detected from fecal matters of predators

37
Q

Ostariphysi: Siluriformes

Species

A

Over 2800 species

38
Q

Ostariphysi: Siluriformes

Habitat

A

Almost all species are freshwater dwellers

Found worldwide, including southern Canada

39
Q

Ostariphysi: Siluriformes

Diet

A

Omnivore with a wide range

40
Q

Ostariphysi: Siluriformes

Diagnostic features

A

Have sensory barbels around the jawed mouth

Often carry adipose fin caudal to the dorsal fin

Most species have small body, but some can grow beyond 3m

Most have bony plates and fin spines for protection (may be venomous)

41
Q

Ostariphysi: Cypriniformes

Species

A

About 4k species including zebrafish

42
Q

Ostariphysi: Cypriniformes

Habitat

A

Almost all species are freshwater dwellers

Found worldwide except South America and Australia

43
Q

Ostariphysi: Cypriniformes

Diet

A

Specialized for suction feeding

44
Q

Ostariphysi: Cypriniformes

Diagnostic features

A

Lack oral teeth

45
Q

Ostariphysi: Gymnotiformes

Species

A

Over 100 species

46
Q

Ostariphysi: Gymnotiformes

Habitat

A

Freshwater dwellers

North and South America

47
Q

Ostariphysi: Gymnotiformes

Diet

A

Most are carnivorous

48
Q

Ostariphysi: Gymnotiformes

Diagnostic features

A

Body tapers toward the caudal fin, resembling a knife

Capable of electrogenesis.

At least on species (electric eel Gymnotus electicus) can generate a powerful discharge

49
Q

Teleostei: Euteleostei

Species

A

Over 20k species traditionally classified into over 300 families

50
Q

Teleostei: Euteleostei

Diagnostic features

A

Anatomical, functional, and behavior diversity provide few, if any, clear diagnostic features

51
Q

Euteleostei: Salmoniformes

Species

A

Over 200

52
Q

Euteleostei: Salmoniformes

Habitat

A

Most are anadromous marine dwellers, but some are fully freshwater

North and South America

53
Q

Euteleostei: Salmoniformes

Diet

A

Most are omnivorous predators

54
Q

Euteleostei: Salmoniformes

Diagnostic features

A

Typically have an adipose fin caudal to the dorsal fin

55
Q

Euteleostei: Esociformes

Species

A

About 10

56
Q

Euteleostei: Esociformes

Habitat

A

Freshwater dwellers

Northern Hemisphere

57
Q

Euteleostei: Esociformes

Diet

A

Ambush carnivorous predators

58
Q

Euteleostei: Esociformes

Diagnostic features

A

Dorsal and anal fins positioned close to the caudal fin (they act collectively to provide a powerful lunge)

59
Q

Euteleostei: Acanthomorpha

Habitat

A

Freshwater and marine dwellers

60
Q

Euteleostei: Acanthomorpha

Diagnostic features

A

Carry spines on dorsal, anal, and pelvic fins

Physoclistous connection with the gas bladder

Maxilla lacks teeth

All have ctenoid scales

Pectoral fins positioned dorsally on the trunk, and pelvic fin positioned nearly ventral to the pectoral fin

61
Q

Pleuronectiformes

A

Bottom dwellers with compressed body

Specialized development in which left/right eye migrate to the other side of the body

62
Q

Exocoetidae

A

Enlarged pectoral fins and heterocercal caudal fin for prolonged gliding

63
Q

Xiphiidae

A

Sharp, elongated rostrum for hunting fish

64
Q

Ostrciidae

A

Rigid body with bony armor and/or spines

Spines can be venomous

65
Q

Gobiiformes

A

Multiple air breathing adaptation

66
Q

Ipnops murrayi (sleepy eye)

A

Enlarged, naked retina

67
Q

Chaunacidae

A

Modified paired fins for “walking” and stabilizing body on substrates

zool 224 (12 decks)

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