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cases for neurophysiology > cerebral palsy > Flashcards

cerebral palsy Flashcards

1
Q

CP can result from what

A

structural abnormalities of the brain or early prenatal, perinatal, or postnatal injury, due to vascular insufficiency, toxins or infections, or the pathophysiologic risks of prematurity.

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2
Q

TRUE or false, CP can result from structural abnormalities of the brain only in early prenatal or perinatal

A

false, also postnatal injury,

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3
Q

structural abnormalities of the brain or early prenatal, perinatal, or postnatal injury, due to what

A

vascular insufficiency, toxins or infections, or the pathophysiologic risks of prematurity.

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4
Q

what are the 4 types of cp

A

spasitc
dyskinetic
ataxia
mixed type

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5
Q

what is the most common Cp

A

spastic

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6
Q

what are the 3 subdivisions of spastic CP

A

spastic hemiplegia, diplegia, quadriplegia

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7
Q

explain spastic hemiplegia cause

A

unilateral lesion of the brain - most commonly from an affected middle cerebral artery

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8
Q

unilateral lesion of the brain - most commonly from an affected middle cerebral artery

what type of CP

A

spastic hemiplegia

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9
Q

spastic hemiplegia is most commonly from what affected artery

A

middle cerebral

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10
Q

explain spastic diplegia cause

A

parenchymal-intraventricular hemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia in premature infants

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11
Q

parenchymal-intraventricular hemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia in premature infants

what type of CP

A

spastic diplegia

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12
Q

ex[lan spastic quadriplegia cause

A

cavities that communicate with the lateral ventricles, multiple cystic lesions in the white matter, diffuse cortical atrophy, and hydrocephalus.

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13
Q

cavities that communicate with the lateral ventricles, multiple cystic lesions in the white matter, diffuse cortical atrophy, and hydrocephalus.

what CP

A

spastic quadriplegia

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14
Q

dyskinetic CP is due to injury where

A

basal ganglia

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15
Q

injury to basal ganglia is what type of CP

A

dyskinetic

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16
Q

ataxic Cp is due to

A

injury to the cerebellum

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17
Q

injury to the cerebellum is what CP

A

ataxic CP

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18
Q
  1. Mixed type is damage to where
A

multiple areas causing mixed symptoms

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19
Q

CP has a higher prevalence in what age babies

A

preterm

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20
Q

are males or females more at risk for CP

A

males

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21
Q

what type of person are more at risk for CP

A

males and people with lower socioeconomic state have an increased risk

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22
Q

true or false: females and people with lower socioeconomic state have an increased risk

A

false, males

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23
Q

what are the risk factors for CP

A

maternal & prenatal (previous pregnancy loss, thyroid or seizure disorder, history of delivering a child with a severe health condition), gestational (excess of amniotic fluid, congenital malformations in the fetus, bleeding in the third trimester, multiple gestation), perinatal (prematurity, bacterial infection of the membranes surrounding the fetus, birth asphyxia) and postnatal (infections, intracranial hemorrhage, persistent pulmonary hypertension).

24
Q

what are the maternal and prenatal risk factors

A

(previous pregnancy loss, thyroid or seizure disorder, history of delivering a child with a severe health condition

25
Q

what are the gestational risk factors for CP

A

(excess of amniotic fluid, congenital malformations in the fetus, bleeding in the third trimester, multiple gestation),

26
Q

what are the perinatal risk factors for CP

A

prematurity, bacterial infection of the membranes surrounding the fetus, birth asphyxia)w

27
Q

what are the postnatal factors for CP

A

infections, intracranial hemorrhage, persistent pulmonary hypertension).

28
Q

when does diagnosis for CP usually occur

A

Diagnosis normally occurs at age 1 when children start to miss developmental milestones

29
Q

Diagnosis of normally occurs at age BLANK when children start to miss developmental milestones

A

1

30
Q

is CP limited to only one side of body?

A

CP can affect the whole body or be limited primarily to one limb or side of the body. This depends on the severity of the child’s brain injury and the level of brain involvement

31
Q

what determines is CP can affect the whole body or be limited primarily to one limb or side of the body.

A

This depends on the severity of the child’s brain injury and the level of brain involvement

32
Q

for CP, one of more of what movement and coordination problems are observed

A

spasticity, involuntary movements (dyskinesia), poor balance and coordination (ataxia)

33
Q

spasticity associated with what C{

A

spastic

34
Q

involuntary movements are associated with what Cp

A

dyskinetic

35
Q

poor balance and coordination are associated with what CP

A

ataxia

36
Q

what are the symptoms of spastic hemiplegia

A
  • Spastic hemiplegia: impaired motor function on 1 side of body (upper and lower)
    *
37
Q

what are the symptoms of spastic diplegia

A

Spastic diplegia: decreased motor function in both legs only (rarely upper body)
*

38
Q

what are the symptoms of spastic quadriplegia

A

Spastic quadriplegia: decreased motor function of four limbs, torso, and face.

39
Q

decreased motor function of four limbs, torso, and face.

what CP

A

spastic quadriplegia

40
Q

decreased motor function in both legs only (rarely upper body)
what cp

A

spastic diplegia

41
Q

impaired motor function on 1 side of body (upper and lower
what CP

A

spatic Cp

42
Q

what are the symptoms of dyskinetic CP

A

uncontrolled movement in limbs, impacting mobility, speech and swallowing.

43
Q

uncontrolled movement in limbs, impacting mobility, speech and swallowing.

what cp

A

dyskinetic

44
Q

balance and coordination issues
what CP

A

ataxic

45
Q

mixed CP is a mix of how many symptoms

A

mix of 2 or more

46
Q

children with CP may have co-occuring disorders such as

A

epilepsy

47
Q

brain abnormalities of CP may contribute to what additional impairments

A

Brain abnormalities may contribute to hearing and vision problems, delays in speech development, intellectual disabilities, and urinary incontinence.

48
Q

are people with cp more likely to have intellectual dissablites

A

yes

49
Q

true or false, children with CP often have difficulty reaching dev milestones

A

true

50
Q

what are some ADLs that are implicated for CP

A

ads such such as walking, eating, getting dressed, and grooming

51
Q

what are some functional implications of CP

A

adls
play
difficulty with school
difficulty with acess

52
Q

true or false, children with CP do not have learning disabilities

A

false, * Difficulty learning at school as children get older (may also feel left out or be made fun of)

53
Q

what is the goal of medical treatment for CP

A

reduce pain and increase activity

54
Q

what is some pharmacological treatments for CP

A

Intramuscular botulinum toxin injections for spacticy.

55
Q

what is the surgical treatment for CP

A

Altering the length of spastic tendons. Rhizotomy. Embryonic stem cell and human umbilical cord blood cell injections to treat neonatal encephalopathy

56
Q

what is the goal of OT/PT treatment for CP

A

improve motor development, prevent musculoskeletal complications, and correct abnormal patterns of movements

57
Q

what are some ways OT an d PT treat Cp

A

Regular exercise programs, hydrotherapy, horseback riding, ankle-foot orthosis (reduce ankle excursion, increase dorsiflexion and improve the sit-to-stand transition in perambulatory children)

cases for neurophysiology (14 decks)

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