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cases for neurophysiology > parkinsons > Flashcards

parkinsons Flashcards

1
Q

what is the cause of parkinsons

A

degeneration/loss of dopaminergic neurones in the substantia nigra (basal nuclei)

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2
Q

nerve cells in the substantia nigra are responsible for producing what

A

dopamine

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3
Q

loss of dopamine leads to HYPO OR HYPER activity of the direct pathway

A

hypo

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4
Q

loss of dopamine leads to HYPO OR HYPER activity of the indirect pathway

A

hyper

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5
Q

what does the fact that the loss of dopamine leads to HYPO activity of the direct pathway and hyper activity of the indirect lead to

A

excessive globes pallidus (main inhibitor of movement) output causing over inhibition of the thalamus and motor cortex

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6
Q

excessive globes pallidus (main inhibitor of movement) output causes what

A

over inhibition of the thalamus and motor cortex

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7
Q

if you have over inhibition of the thalamus and motor cortex, do you have hypo or hyper kinesia

A

hypo

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8
Q

true or false: it is unclear what causes the loss of nerve cells in the SN

A

true

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9
Q

what is the main inhibitor of movement in the BN

A

globus pallidus

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10
Q

what are the 4 categories of “risk factors” for parkinson

A

genetics
exposure to toxins
age
sex

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11
Q

true or false: there is no genetic component to parkinsons

A

false
many gene mutation have been identified to cause parkinsons

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12
Q

explain the genetic risk factor for parkinsons

A

many gene mutation have been identified to cause parkinsons

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13
Q

explain the exposure to toxins risk factor for parkinsons

A

pesticides in agriculture

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14
Q

what age is parkinsons more common

A

60 plus (there is a natural loss of dopamine as one ages)

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15
Q

true or false: there is a natural loss of dopamine as one ages

A

true

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16
Q

are men or women more likely to get parkinsons

A

men (1.5-2x more likely)

17
Q

is there any risk for parkinsons assocaited to diff cultures or races

A

no

18
Q

what is the most common neurodegenerative disease

A

alzeihmers

19
Q

true or false: parkinsons is the most common neurodegenerative disease

A

false, alzeihmer is and then PD

20
Q

what are the TRAP symptoms for parkinson

A

t=tremor at rest
r=rigitdity
a=akinesia/bradykinease
p=posutral instabilities

21
Q

how is diagnosis of parkinsons attained

A

physical ex

22
Q

what are the motor symptoms of PD

A

TRAP and balance

23
Q

what are the non motor symptoms of PD

A

depression/anxiety, apathy
psychosis/hallucination

sleep disorders and fatigue

cognitive difficulties and dementia

loss of smell, dysphagia, autonomic disturbances

24
Q

what are the general functional implications of PD

A

ADLs
falls
changes to leisure or social activtiew
work productivity decrease
cognitive implication

25
Q

explain the effect of parkinsons on ADLs

A

slow, and more tiring

26
Q

explain the effect of parkinsons on falls

A

slow down, postural inability, refusal for walking aids

27
Q

explain the effect of parkinsons on leisure

A

stop or change leisure activities
=social isolation

28
Q

explain the effect of parkinsons on work

A

productivity can decreases
(tremors that increase with stress, hypophonia)

29
Q

what are the 3 main types of meds for parkinson

A

LEVODOPA
dopamine agonists
MAOB inhibitors

30
Q

LEVODOPA is converted to what in the brain

A

dopamine

31
Q

true or false: you can you levodopa at the same dosage forever

A

false, overtime they are less responsive therefore dosages are increased)wh

32
Q

what is a side effect of levodopa

A

dyskinesia

33
Q

how do dopamine agonists work in treatment parkinson

A

mimic the way dopamine works in your brain which stimulates dopaminergic neurons

34
Q

true or false: LEVODOPA meds mimic the way dopamine works in your brain which stimulates dopaminergic neurons

A

false, dopamine agonists

35
Q

what do MAOB inhibitors do for parkinsons

A

inhibits the reuptake of dopamine

36
Q

what can you do when medication treatment is no longer effective for parkinsons

A

deep brain stem (DBS) or Duo Dopa pump

37
Q

what can deep brain stem (DBS) or Duo Dopa pump do for parkinsons

A

control movement
=including tremors, speed of movement and involuntary movements

38
Q

explain the disciplinary team needed for parkinsons

A

nutrition, social works (community and family),
SLP for disphagia and communication
OT/PT symptom management, exercise, fall prevention, sleep hygiene, assistive services,

cases for neurophysiology (14 decks)

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