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Clinical Anatomy- Term 1 > week 5- the knee > Flashcards

week 5- the knee Flashcards

1
Q

which bone is larger, the tibia or fibula

A

tibia

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2
Q

which bone is on the medial side

A

tibia

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3
Q

which bone is more lateral

A

fibula

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4
Q

what is the intercondylar imminence

A

the lumpy structure at the top of the tibia

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5
Q

where is the articulating surface of the medial condyle located

A

on the medial groove side of the tibia

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6
Q

where is the articulating surface of the lateral condyle located

A

on the lateral groove on the tibia at the superior end

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7
Q

where is the tibial tuberosity located

A

inferior to the condoyles and the pattela . the bump that sticks out

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8
Q

where is the anterior border/crest located

A

inferior to the tibial tuberosity, the long groove that sticks out in the middle of the tibia

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9
Q

where is the medial malleolus located

A

inferior part of the tibia. more medial bump that rounds downwards

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10
Q

where is the distal tibia fibula attatchemnet located

A

posterior and inferior on the posterior groove of the tibia

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11
Q

where is the proximal tibidibular joint located

A

below the lateral condyle of the tibia, at the head of the fibular. Where tibia and fibula meet

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12
Q

where is the head located on the fibula

A

at the superior end of the fibula

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13
Q

where is the lateral malleolus located

A

on the inferior end of the fibula.

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14
Q

where is the distal tibiofibular joint located

A

The inferior part of tibia and fibula, where they meet
Superior to the lateral malleolus of the fibular and articulate surface of the tibia

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15
Q

what type of joint is the knee

A

synovial bicondylar joing
a complex hinge joint

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16
Q

where is the lateral condyle of the femur located

A

inferiorly and laterally on the femur. slightly medial between the groove in the middle of the femur.

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17
Q

where is the medial condyle of the femur located

A

inferiorly and medially on the femur. slightly lateral between the groove in the middle of the femur.

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18
Q

where is the intercondyle located

A

medially and inferiorly on the femur

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19
Q

what type of bone is the patella

A

sesamoid bone

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20
Q

where is the patella ligament located

A

between the patella and the tibia.

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21
Q

where is the quadriceps tendon located

A

from the thigh
to the patella

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22
Q

where is the tibial plateau located

A

at the superior surface of the tibia where the femur meets it

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23
Q

where is the medial facet located on the patella

A

medially and posteriorly in a little groove

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24
Q

where is the lateral facet located on the patella

A

laterally and posteriorly in the little groove

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25
Q

where is the vertical ridge located on the patella

A

posteriorly on the centre ridge

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26
Q

where is the base located on the patella

A

anterior and superior on the patella

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27
Q

where is the apex located on the patella

A

anterior and inferior on the patella

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28
Q

where is the patello femoral joint located

A

in between the patella and the femor

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29
Q

what type of joint is the patello femoral joint

A

plane synovial

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30
Q

what movement does the knee joint offer

A

flexion and extension in the sagittal plane
some rotation when the knee is flex and off the ground

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31
Q

what does the knee joint offer

A

stability ad mobility

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32
Q

where is the lateral meniscus located

A

the pad of cartilage laterally, in between tibia and femur

33
Q

where is the medial meniscus located

A

the pad of cartilage medially, in between tibia and femur

34
Q

function of menisci

A

add support to articulating surfaces

35
Q

function of the collateral ligaments

A

stability, prevent lateral flexion

36
Q

where is the lateral collateral ligament located /fibulr collateral ligament

A

from the fibula to the femur, laterally on the bones.

37
Q

where is the medial collateral ligament located /tibial collateral ligament

A

from the fibia to the femur, medially (on medial side of the bones)

38
Q

are the cruciate ligaments deep or superficial

A

deep

39
Q

how many cruciate ligaments are there

A

2

40
Q

where is the anterior cruciate ligament located

A

in the anterior intertrochanteric space. runs through the gap to attach to the lateral condyle of the femur

41
Q

where is the posterior cruciate ligament located

A

turns from the posterior part of the intertrochanteric space towards the medial condyle of femur. ligaments cross over.

42
Q

function of the cruciate ligaments

A

hold tibia and femur together, whilst they’re moving.

43
Q

Which cruciate ligament is weaker. What other job does it have

A

Anterior. Prevents tibia from slipping anteriorly

44
Q

What other job does the posterior cruciate ligament have

A

Prevent tibia from slipping posteriorly/ femur slipping anteriorly

45
Q

Function of posterior meniscofemoral ligament

A

Hold menisci in place

46
Q

where is the intercondyla fossa

A

the groove in the bottom of the femur, behind patella

47
Q

name palpation points on the knee, describe their location

A

patella- upside down tiangle
tibial tubercle- boney point below patella
gerdys tubercle- lateral to the TT
fibula head- lateral and more superior to the gerdys tubercle
medial collateral ligament- can’t palpate but medial on side of patella
lateral collateral ligament- lateral to patella

48
Q

what muscles cause flexion

A

Biceps femoris, semitendinosus andsemimembranosus; initiated by popliteus;assisted by gracilis and sartorius

49
Q

what muscles cause extension

A

Quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastuslateralis, vastus medialis and vastusintermedius) assisted by tensor fasciae latae

50
Q

what muscles cause medial rotation

A

Popliteus, semimembranosus andsemitendinosus, assisted by sartorius andgracilis.

51
Q

what muscles cause Lateral rotation

A

Biceps femoris

52
Q

what is a bakers cyst

A

Fluid-filled swelling that develops at the backof the knee

53
Q

What attaches to the tibial tuberosity

A

Patella tendon

54
Q

what attaches to the gerdys tubercle

A

Iliotibial band

55
Q

what attaches to the gerdys tubercle

A

Iliotibial band

56
Q

What attaches to the epicondyles (widest part of the knee)

A

Ligaments- collateral ligament

57
Q

What attaches to the top of the fibular

A

Biceps femoris tendon

58
Q

What is the popleitus muscle origin and isertion

A

Origin- lateral surface of lateral Condyle of the femur
Insertion- posterior suface of the tibia , above soleil line

59
Q

Where does the popliteus muscle run

A

Beneath lateral collateral ligament and tendon of bicep femoris

60
Q

Where is the rectus femoris located

A

In the centre of the thigh, above vastus intermedius

61
Q

Where is the vastus lateralus located

A

Laterally on the thigh, on femur

62
Q

Where is the vastus medialis located

A

Medially on femur, just above patella

63
Q

Name the hamstring muscles

A

Biceps femoris
Semimembranous
Semitendinous

64
Q

Name the quadriceps muscle

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedia’s
Vastus medialis

65
Q

Where is the sartorious

A

Medially and anteriorly on the thigh. Runs over 2 joints, hip and knee, down the thigh medially

66
Q

Describe valgus movement of the knee

A

Knees fall inwards, hip adduction, hip internal rotation in a flexed position (squat)

67
Q

Describe valgus movement

A

Knees move INWARDS

68
Q

How many steps are in the gait cycle

A

2

69
Q

Make the phases in gait cycle

A

Stance phase
Swing phase

70
Q

Describe stance phase

A

Initial contract
Loading response
Middtance
Terminal stance
Pre swing

71
Q

Describe swing phase

A

Initial swing
Mid-swing
Terminal swing

72
Q

Define gait

A

A persons manner of walking

73
Q

Why might people’s gates be different

A

bad hip/ foot/ ankle/ toe
Neurological issues
Spinal issues
Ataxic

74
Q

Name the functions of the sartorious muscle

A

Flexes the hip
Externally rotates the hip
Abducts the hip
Flexes and externally rotates the knee

75
Q

Origin of sartorious

A

ASIS
Then crosses to medial side of thigh

76
Q

Insertion of sartorious

A

Medial side of proximal tibia

77
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

Origin: intertrochantic line, greater trochanter, gluteal Tuberosity, linear aspers of femur

Insertion: tibial tuberosity, patella

Innervation: femoral nerve
Femoral artery

78
Q

Vastus medialis

A

Origin: intertrochantic line, pectineal line of femur, linea aspera

Insertion: tibial tuberosity, patella

Femoral nerve
Femoral artery

79
Q

Vastus intermedius

A

Origin: anterior surface of femoral shaft

Insertion: tibial tuberosity via patella ligament

Femoral nerve and artery

Clinical Anatomy- Term 1 (15 decks)

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