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Physical Science > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the internal energy that an object has because of the random motions of its individual molecules?

A

thermal energy

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2
Q

What is closely related to the thermal energy of an object?

A

temperature

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3
Q

What are three factors that affect the thermal energy of an object?

A

Mass, state of matter, and temperature

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4
Q

What is the transfer of thermal energy from an object of higher temperature to an object of lower temperature?

A

heat

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5
Q

How is heat measured?

A

using the joule

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6
Q

What is the state in which no thermal energy is transferred between objects because they are at the same temperature?

A

thermal equilibrium

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7
Q

What is the amount of heat needed to change an object’s temperature by a certain amount?

A

heat capacity

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8
Q

What is the ratio of an object’s heat capacity to the object’s mass?

A

specific heat

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9
Q

What is a device designed to measure the heat involved in physical and chemical changes?

A

calorimeter

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10
Q

What is a device that automatically regulates temperature?

A

thermostat

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11
Q

What is a device consisting of two metal strips that are bonded together that bends in response to temperature changes?

A

bimetallic strip

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12
Q

What is the transfer of a property like thermal energy (heat) or electric charge through direct contact?

A

conduction

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13
Q

Who invented the miner’s safety lamp?

A

Sir Humphrey Davy

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14
Q

What is a transfer of heat by moving fluids?

A

convection

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15
Q

What are currents within a liquid caused by heating fluids rising and cooler fluids sinking?

A

convection currents

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16
Q

What is a transfer of heat without matter as radiant energy?

A

radiation

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17
Q

What is a type of double-walled container designed to minimize the transfer of heat?

A

Dewer flask

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18
Q

What type of system warms a room by convection currents?

A

Hot-water heating systems

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19
Q

What type of system warms a room with a furnace?

A

forced- warm- air systems

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20
Q

What is the branch of physics that deals with thermal energy, and their relationships to other forms of energy and energy transfer?

A

thermodynamics

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21
Q

What is a matter or portion of the universe being studied?

A

system

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22
Q

What is the entire universe except the system?

A

surroundings

23
Q

What is the relationship between mechanical energy and heat?

A

mechanical equivalent of heat

24
Q

What is the law stating that the energy gained (or lost) by a system is the equal to the energy lost (or gained) by its surroundings?

A

first law of thermodynamics

25
Q

What is a theoretical device that would generate the maximum possible amount of work from a given amount of heat?

A

carnot engine

26
Q

What is the law stating that natural processes tend to go only one way, toward less unusable energy and greater disorder; implies that the universe is not improving but running down?

A

second law of thermodynamics

27
Q

What is the measure of the amount of disorder in a system?

A

entropy

28
Q

What is a hypothetical machine that would work generate its own energy once set into motion?

A

perpetual motion machine

29
Q

What is the changing of a solid into a liquid?

A

melting

30
Q

What is the changing of a liquid into a solid?

A

freezing

31
Q

What is the phenomenon in which the freezing point of a liquid is lowered by the addition of solutes?

A

freezing point depression

32
Q

What is the “hidden” heat absorbed or released when a substance changes its state?

A

latent heat

33
Q

What is the latent heat required to change a given mass of a solid into a liquid without changing its temperature?

A

heat of fusion

34
Q

What is the change of a substance from a liquid into a gas?

A

evaporation

35
Q

What describes a liquid that evaporates rapidly?

A

volatile

36
Q

What describes a liquid that evaporates slowly?

A

nonvolatile

37
Q

What is the state of evaporation that occurs throuhgout a liquid?

A

boiling

38
Q

What is the temperature a which a substance boils?

A

boiling point

39
Q

Who first measured the mechanical equivalent of heat?

A

James Prescott Joule

40
Q

What is the phenomenon is which the addition of nonvolatile solutes raises the boiling point temperature of a liquid?

A

boiling point of elevation

41
Q

What is the latent heat required to change a given amount of liquid already at its boiling point into a gas without changing its tempeature?

A

heat of vaporization

42
Q

What is the process of a gas changing into a liquid?

A

condensation

43
Q

What is the pressure that must be exerted by a vapor on a liquid of the same substance for the vapor and liquid to be in equilibrium at a given temperature?

A

vapor pressure

44
Q

What is the temperature at which the vapor pressure equals the pressure of the air above the liquid?

A

boiling point

45
Q

What is the temperature above which a substance cannot exist in the liquid state but behaves as a gas regardless of the pressure upon it?

A

critical temperature

46
Q

What is a device that uses mechanical energy and latent heat to transfer thermal energy from a colder location to a warmer location?

A

heat pump

47
Q

What is a fluid used to transfer thermal energy throughout a heat pump?

A

refrigerant

48
Q

What is the part of a heat pump that compresses gaseous refrigerant to a very high pressure?

A

compressor

49
Q

What is the radiation in a heat pump in which the refrigerant cools as it releases heat to its surroundings?

A

condensor

50
Q

What is the winding tube in a heat pump in which some of the liquid changes instantly to vapor, absorbing much thermal energy as a latent heat and cooling dramatically?

A

evaporator

51
Q

What is the process of a solid changing directly into a gas?

A

sublimation

52
Q

What is the process of a gas changing driectly into a solid?

A

deposition

53
Q

What is a special state of matter that is an ionized gas and exists when temperatures are too high for matter to exist in its ordinary state?

A

plasma

Physical Science (18 decks)

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