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Physical Science > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Who invented the first electrostatic generator?

A

Otto von Guericke

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2
Q

What is a device that produces electricity?

A

electrostatic generator

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3
Q

Who developed the Wimshurst machine?

A

James Wimshurst

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4
Q

What is a machine which uses two rotating disks to increase a charge through induction?

A

Wimshurst machine

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5
Q

What is a high-voltage electrostatic generator that is the most common type in use today?

A

Van de Graaff generator

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6
Q

Where does the electric charge move to on the charged object?

A

to the outside of the charged object, never the inside

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7
Q

Where is the charge more concentrated?

A

Wherever the contour is and comes to a point

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8
Q

What is the large discharge of static electricity between the ground and a cloud during a thunderstorm?

A

lighting

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9
Q

What is a device that protects buildings and other structures from lighting strikes by directing the charge away from easily damaged materials?

A

lightning rod

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10
Q

What is an eerie blue glow that appears around pointed objects during storms; is actually electrostatic phenomenon called corona discharge?

A

St. Elmo’s Fire

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11
Q

What is an early device that used a foil-lines jar to store an electric charge?

A

Leyden jar

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12
Q

What is a device used to store a static electric charge?

A

capacitor

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13
Q

What is the method of reproducing images on paper using electrostatics?

A

xerography

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14
Q

What uses friction from the passing air to obtain a negative charge?

A

electrostatic air filters

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15
Q

What is an electric lamp that produces light by heating a thin wire called a filament to a high temperature?

A

incandescent lamp

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16
Q

What is an electric discharge lamp that passes an electric current through a tube containing a low-pressure mixture of mercury vapor and argon to produce ultraviolet light, which is converted to visible light by a phosphor on the inner surface on the tube?

A

fluorescent lamp

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17
Q

What is a fluorescent lamp that used a coiled tube to be about the size of a regular incandescent bulb and is designed to fit in sockets designed for incandescent bulbs?

A

compact fluorescent lamp

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18
Q

What is an electric discharge lamp filled with neon gas?

A

neon lamp

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19
Q

What is a semiconductor that emits visible light what a direct current is applied?

A

light-emitting diode (LED)

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20
Q

What is a device that produces back-and-forth motion?

A

solenoid

21
Q

Who was an American inventor, scientist, and artist best known for his invention of the telegraph?

A

Samuel Morse

22
Q

What is a device used for communication over long distances by means of electromagnets that essentially consists of a switch (key), a long wire, and an electromagnet as the receiver?

A

telegraph

22
Q

What is an electrical switch operated by an electromagnet?

A

relay

22
Q

What is a device used for converting electricity into motion?

A

electric motor

23
Q

What is a device that converts pulses of electricity into sound waves?

A

loudspeaker

24
Q

In which type of motor does the direction of the current in the armature each half-term cause the armature to rotate continuously?

A

DC motor

25
Q

What is the device in a DC motor that causes the rotation of the armature to be possible and allows for the continued repulsion of the poles?

A

commutator

26
Q

What is similar to a DC motor but does not need a commutator because alternating current already alternates direction?

A

AC motor

27
Q

In an AC motor, what is the commutator replaced by?

A

a simple pair of slip rings

28
Q

What is a non-rechargeable electrochemical cell in which a chemical rection produces electricity?

A

voltaic cell

29
Q

What is the current-producing electrochemical cell that can be recharged with electricity from an outside current source?

A

storage cell

30
Q

What is the electrode through which the electrons exit an electrochemical cell; the negative terminal?

A

anode

31
Q

What is the electrode through which electrons enter an electrochemical cell; the positive terminal?

A

cathode

32
Q

What is one or more electrochemical cells connected to terminals as a single-source of current?

A

battery

33
Q

How must the cells be arranged in order to boost the voltage?

A

series

34
Q

How must the cells be arranged in order to boost the maximum available current?

A

parallel

35
Q

What type of motion can directly produce electric current by the magnetic force?

A

mechanical motion

36
Q

What is the ability of magnetism to convert mechanical motion into electric current?

A

electromagnetic current

37
Q

How can the strength of an electromagnetically induced current be increased?

A
  • by increasing the number of turns in the coil
    -by moving the magnet faster
    -by increasing the strength of the magnet
    -by changing out the core
38
Q

What is a device that uses electromagnetic induction to produce electricity?

A

generator

39
Q

What is an AC generator extremely similar to?

A

an AC electric motor

40
Q

What is the primary difference between a motor and a generator?

A

a motor uses electricity to produce motion and a generator uses motion to produce electricity

41
Q

What is a device that detects and measures very small electric current?

A

galvanometer

42
Q

Who discovered that mechanical motion can directly produce electric current by the magnetic force?

A

Michael Faraday

43
Q

What is a device in which a conducting fluid passes through a magnetic field at high speed to generate electricity?

A

magnetohydrodynamic generator

44
Q

Does a generator create energy out of nowhere?

A

no

45
Q

How does a generator create energy if in does not create energy out of nowhere?

A

it converts motion into electrical energy

46
Q

What is a device that increases or decreases the voltage of alternating current using electromagnetic induction?

A

transformer

47
Q

Who is credited with inventing a capacitor (Leyden jar)?

A

Musschenbroek

Physical Science (18 decks)

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