Nutrition (Recommended diets for diseases) Flashcards

1
Q

Sodium and Fat Intake

A
  • Those with cardiovascular diseases should restrict sodium, saturated fats, and cholesterol
  • Sodium is found naturally in milk, eggs, and seafood
  • Sodium is high in tomato juice, frozen dinners, and canned foods
  • For healthy adults, no more than 3,000 mg of sodium per day (1 1/2 teaspoons)
  • For unhealthy adults (kidney stones, CAD, cirrhosis and ascites) limit sodium to 1 to 2 grams (1,000 - 2,000 mg) per day
  • Saturated fat and cholesterol are found in marbling of meats and fried foods
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2
Q

Foods to prevent CAD

A
  • soy
  • dried beans
  • legumes
  • omega-3 fatty acids
  • vitamin B6
  • Vitamin E
  • fruits and veggies
  • Use canola oil instead of saturated fats (butter)
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3
Q

Cystic Fibrosis Diet

A

high protein (doubled) and zinc

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4
Q

Renal Failure Diet

A
  • restrict protein, potassium, phosphorus, and sodium
  • drink 3.8 L (4 qt) of water throughout the day for patients with renal calculi
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5
Q

Foods high in potassium

A
  • bananas
  • prunes
  • oranges
  • potatoes
  • grapefruit juice
  • tomato sauce
  • cantaloupe
    (reduce these foods when taking ACE inhibitors)
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6
Q

Foods high in phosphorus

A
  • milk
  • cheese
  • pudding
  • yogurt
  • ice cream
  • meats (chicken, turkey, fish)
  • dried beans and peas
  • nuts
  • seeds and whole grains
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7
Q

Calcium

A
  • 1,500 mg of calcium is recommended each day
  • avoid taking iron and calcium together. Calcium can decrease iron absorption
  • calcium can lead to constipation by decreasing peristalsis
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8
Q

Vitamin B12

A
  • older adults sometimes lack B12 due to lack of intrinsic factor
  • fish and milk contain B12
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9
Q

Complete vs Incomplete Protein

A
  • Complete protein contain all 9 essential amino acids and includes cheese, milk, yogurt
  • Incomplete proteins do not include all 9 essential amino acids and includes legumes, peanut butter, whole grains, rice, and vegetables
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10
Q

Pregnancy Diet

A
  • Clients who are pregnant should take 30 mg of iron supplements daily to reduce the risk for iron-deficiency anemia
  • Reduce fat intake
  • Increase protein intake
  • clients with healthy BMI (18.5 to 24.9) should gain 11.3 to 15.9 kg or 25 to 35 lbs during pregnancy
  • dry foods when first waking up to reduce nausea (dry cereal)
  • increase folate (animal meat, especially organs)
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11
Q

Malnutrition Manifestations

A
  • Low albumin, which will impair wound healing
  • ankle or lower extremity edema due to protein deficiency
  • Paraesthesia (tingling sensation) and weak hand grasp
  • Dry skin
  • Dry conjunctiva and corneal vascularization
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12
Q

Food Diets

A
  • Mechanical Soft diet: diets of foods with altered texture (cooked fruits and veggies, foods softened with liquids, and foods that are thickened for consistency)
  • Advanced Diet: diets of foods most healthy people eat (white rice)
  • Low Residue Diet: foods low in fiber (bananas, eggs)
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13
Q

Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Diet

A
  • Vitamin A Foods are high in lutein (kale, spinach, collard greens) and can slow the progression of AMD
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14
Q

Stomatitis

A
  • Stomatitis is inflammation of the oral mucosa that can lead to pain, difficulty talking, eating, and sleeping
  • Can be caused by radiation to the neck
  • relieve mouth pain by consuming frozen foods
  • nurse should encourage patient to use a straw when drinking liquids
  • eat high-calorie, high-protein drinks to promote wound healing
  • maintain good oral hygiene and soft bristled toothbrush
  • frequently rinse mouth with 0.9% sodium chloride and water or a mixture of baking soda and water
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15
Q

Chemo treatment-related changes in taste

A
  • use plastic utensils because metallic taste can accompany chemo treatment
  • increase fluids with meals to improve taste
  • eat cold or room temperature food
  • season food
  • offer citrus fruits and pickles because they stimulate the production of saliva and diminish the metallic taste
  • gargle with mouthwash to stimulate production of saliva
  • small, frequent meals
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16
Q

Crohn’s Disease

A
  • high calorie, high protein diet
  • small, frequent meals
  • reduce fat intake
  • redice fiber intake
17
Q

Chronic Skin Conditions or ulcer diet

A
  • high zinc
  • 4 oz ground beed patty