Nutrition (Recommended diets for diseases) Flashcards
1
Q
Sodium and Fat Intake
A
- Those with cardiovascular diseases should restrict sodium, saturated fats, and cholesterol
- Sodium is found naturally in milk, eggs, and seafood
- Sodium is high in tomato juice, frozen dinners, and canned foods
- For healthy adults, no more than 3,000 mg of sodium per day (1 1/2 teaspoons)
- For unhealthy adults (kidney stones, CAD, cirrhosis and ascites) limit sodium to 1 to 2 grams (1,000 - 2,000 mg) per day
- Saturated fat and cholesterol are found in marbling of meats and fried foods
2
Q
Foods to prevent CAD
A
- soy
- dried beans
- legumes
- omega-3 fatty acids
- vitamin B6
- Vitamin E
- fruits and veggies
- Use canola oil instead of saturated fats (butter)
3
Q
Cystic Fibrosis Diet
A
high protein (doubled) and zinc
4
Q
Renal Failure Diet
A
- restrict protein, potassium, phosphorus, and sodium
- drink 3.8 L (4 qt) of water throughout the day for patients with renal calculi
5
Q
Foods high in potassium
A
- bananas
- prunes
- oranges
- potatoes
- grapefruit juice
- tomato sauce
- cantaloupe
(reduce these foods when taking ACE inhibitors)
6
Q
Foods high in phosphorus
A
- milk
- cheese
- pudding
- yogurt
- ice cream
- meats (chicken, turkey, fish)
- dried beans and peas
- nuts
- seeds and whole grains
7
Q
Calcium
A
- 1,500 mg of calcium is recommended each day
- avoid taking iron and calcium together. Calcium can decrease iron absorption
- calcium can lead to constipation by decreasing peristalsis
8
Q
Vitamin B12
A
- older adults sometimes lack B12 due to lack of intrinsic factor
- fish and milk contain B12
9
Q
Complete vs Incomplete Protein
A
- Complete protein contain all 9 essential amino acids and includes cheese, milk, yogurt
- Incomplete proteins do not include all 9 essential amino acids and includes legumes, peanut butter, whole grains, rice, and vegetables
10
Q
Pregnancy Diet
A
- Clients who are pregnant should take 30 mg of iron supplements daily to reduce the risk for iron-deficiency anemia
- Reduce fat intake
- Increase protein intake
- clients with healthy BMI (18.5 to 24.9) should gain 11.3 to 15.9 kg or 25 to 35 lbs during pregnancy
- dry foods when first waking up to reduce nausea (dry cereal)
- increase folate (animal meat, especially organs)
11
Q
Malnutrition Manifestations
A
- Low albumin, which will impair wound healing
- ankle or lower extremity edema due to protein deficiency
- Paraesthesia (tingling sensation) and weak hand grasp
- Dry skin
- Dry conjunctiva and corneal vascularization
12
Q
Food Diets
A
- Mechanical Soft diet: diets of foods with altered texture (cooked fruits and veggies, foods softened with liquids, and foods that are thickened for consistency)
- Advanced Diet: diets of foods most healthy people eat (white rice)
- Low Residue Diet: foods low in fiber (bananas, eggs)
13
Q
Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Diet
A
- Vitamin A Foods are high in lutein (kale, spinach, collard greens) and can slow the progression of AMD
14
Q
Stomatitis
A
- Stomatitis is inflammation of the oral mucosa that can lead to pain, difficulty talking, eating, and sleeping
- Can be caused by radiation to the neck
- relieve mouth pain by consuming frozen foods
- nurse should encourage patient to use a straw when drinking liquids
- eat high-calorie, high-protein drinks to promote wound healing
- maintain good oral hygiene and soft bristled toothbrush
- frequently rinse mouth with 0.9% sodium chloride and water or a mixture of baking soda and water
15
Q
Chemo treatment-related changes in taste
A
- use plastic utensils because metallic taste can accompany chemo treatment
- increase fluids with meals to improve taste
- eat cold or room temperature food
- season food
- offer citrus fruits and pickles because they stimulate the production of saliva and diminish the metallic taste
- gargle with mouthwash to stimulate production of saliva
- small, frequent meals
