Salines (Crystalloid Solutions)

Question 1

Hypertonic

Answer 1

***Remember for all: water moves from area of low solutes to high solutes

• Water moves out of cells
• give to patients with peritonitis, crohn’s or GI issues

3% Normal Saline:
- administered for hyponatremia, increased intracranial pressure, brain injury

Dextrose 10% in Water (D10W):
- administered for calorie administration when TPN runs out

Dextrose 5% in Lactate Ringer (LR5%)
- give to patients with peritonitis or GI distress to restore fluid and electrolyte balance

Total Parental Nutrition (TPN):
- administered for all caloric and nutritional needs through a central venous catheter when there is impaired GI function

Question 2

Hypotonic

Answer 2

• Water moves into the cells

Dextrose 5% in water (D5W):
- also an isotonic solution because once cells have absorbed the dextrose, the remaining water and electrolytes became isotonic
- administered for hypernatremia

0.45% Normal Saline (half normal saline)
- administered to treat hypernatremia, DKA
- contraindicated for those with burns, trauma, and liver diseases

Question 3

Isotonic

Answer 3

• No movement of water between extracellular space and cells

0.9% Normal saline:
- administered for most hydration needs - hemorrhage, vomiting, diarrhea, metabolic acidosis, shock

Lactated Ringer:
- similar to blood plasma concentration (good for burn and trauma patients)
- Administered for blood loss, hypovolemia due to third space fluid shift, electrolyte imbalances, metabolic acidosis
- Do not give to patients with pH >7.5 (alkalosis), liver disease, or unable to metabolize lactate