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Anatomy > Urogenital System > Flashcards

Urogenital System Flashcards

1
Q

Kidneys are retroperitoneal at level of

A

T3-T12

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2
Q

Concave side of kidney is called

A

Hilum

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3
Q

Where is the renal sinus contained

A

Hilum

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4
Q

What does the renal sinus contain

A

Renal artery, renal vein, and renal pelvis

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5
Q

Renal cortex along the

A

Outside

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6
Q

Renal medulla (pyramids) location of

A

Nephrons

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7
Q

Minor calyces receive urate from

A

Nephrons

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8
Q

Major calyces receive multiple

A

minor calyces

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9
Q

Renal pelvis receives

A

Major calyces

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10
Q

1 million nephrons in a

A

Kidney

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11
Q

Adrenal glands name

A

Suprarenal

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12
Q

Attached to the crura of the diaphragm surface

A

Adrenal glands

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13
Q

What are the adrenal glands and kidneys separated by

A

Thin septum

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14
Q

Pyramidal shape with veins and nerves entering at
hilum but arteries penetrate at multiple sites.

A

Adrenal glands

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15
Q

2 major components of the adrenal glands

A

Suprarenal cortex and Suprarenal medulla

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16
Q

secretes corticosteroids and
androgens

A

Suprarenal cortex

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17
Q

Retain sodium and water in response to stress, to
increase blood volume and blood pressure

A

Suprarenal cortex

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18
Q

Secrete catecholamines into blood
to activate the sympathetic fight-or-flight (increase BP,
dilate bronchioles, change blood flow patterns)

A

Suprarenal medulla

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19
Q

Epinephrine

A

Adrenaline

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20
Q

Kidneys purpose

A

Regulate homeostasis

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21
Q

Kidneys release ________ enzymes which play a role in producing and releasing erythropoietin, renin, and metabolic vitamin D

A

Endocrine

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22
Q

Kidneys filter

A

Blood and body waste end products

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23
Q

Glomerular filtration

A

Kidneys filter blood and body waste products

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24
Q

End products of kidney filtration

A

Metabolism and excess water

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25
Q

Kidneys produce _______ from filtered products and fills bladder

A

Urine

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26
Q

Bladder empties with urination as the dissension of the detrusor muscle triggers the ___________.

A

Micturition reflex

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27
Q

Filtrates 20 % of the blood initially , total reabsorption is 19%

A

Nephrons

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28
Q

Filtration in nephrons is performed by :

A

Hydrostatic
Osmotic
Balancing fluid pressure

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29
Q

Filtration occurs in bowman’s capsule

A

Renal corpuscle

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30
Q

Avg glomerular filtration

A

180 L day

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31
Q

Entire plasma of the body gets filtered

A

60 x day

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32
Q

Designed for reabsorption of the fluid

A

Renal tubule

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33
Q

What makes up the renal tubule

A

Proximal convoluted tubule , loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct

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34
Q

First stage dumps fluid back into bloodstreM

A

PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE

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35
Q

Maintains fluid pressure in pyramid

A

Loop of henle

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36
Q

More reabsorption occurs

A

Distal convoluted tubercle

37
Q

Tubular excretion all leftover filtrate I passed to minor calyx

A

Collecting duct

38
Q

The order from collecting ducts

A

Collecting ducts- minor calyces- major calyces- renal pelvis- ureter- bladder

39
Q

Muscular ducts with narrow lumen and are retroperitoneal

A

Ureters

40
Q

What allows urine to be passed to bladder

A

Peristaltic contractions

41
Q

Urine enters _______ to the bladder (one way valve )

A

Obliquely

42
Q

Triangle of the 3 orifices (2 ureter 1 urethra)

A

Trigone

43
Q

Afferent visceral fibers are triggered by

A

Bladder distension

44
Q

Stretching of the bladder ______ contracts the detrusor muscle to empty the bladder (mic trust on ])

A

Reflexively

45
Q

The detrusor will ______ the internal urethral orifice and ________ the ureteric orifices

A

Open, close

46
Q

Urethras excrete

A

Urine

47
Q

Females have shorter

A

Urethras

48
Q

Females have 1

A

Urethral sphincter

49
Q

Uterus sits on top of

A

Bladder

50
Q

Females urethral sphincter is

A

Voluntary

51
Q

Males have a __________ and ____________

A

Internal urethral sphincter (involuntary )
External urethral sphincter (voluntary) found after prostate

52
Q

Neurogenic incontinence

A

Assistance with catheter

53
Q

Stones are comprised of

A

Salts and acids

54
Q

• Develop in the Calices and renal pelvis and then
descend through the ureter

A

Stones

55
Q

Kidney stone pain

A

Begin at flank (lateral low back region) and change as it descends into groin region

56
Q

Pelvis (pelvic girdle )

A

Sacrum, innominate or coxae, pubic symphysis

57
Q

What makes up the innominate or coxae

A

Ilium, pubis, ischium

58
Q

What makes up the ilium

A

Iliac crest, iliac fossa, articular surface, arculate line

59
Q

Acetabulum =

A

Conjunction of all three

60
Q

Acetabular notch

A

Incomplete inferior

61
Q

Orientation of the acetabulum is

A

Inferolaterally

62
Q

Purpose of the pelvic girdle

A

Location of weight transfer from torso to the legs

63
Q

The pelvic girdle also supports viscera and fetus during development, and location for

A

Muscle attachments

64
Q

Superior greater (false) pelvis

A

Protect abdominopelvic viscera and muscle attachment sites

65
Q

Inferior lesser (true)

A

Protect pelvic viscera
Pelvic cavity, perineum, and lower extremities

66
Q

Pelvic brim (ring)

A

Sacrum, arcuate line of ilium to pubic crest and ending at pubic symphysis

67
Q

Passage into the pelvis

A

Pelvic inlet

68
Q

Passage out of the pelvis

A

Pelvic outlet

69
Q

Angle between the pubic rami

A

Subpubic angle

70
Q

Female pelvic girdle

A

Wider and shorter
Oval shaped
Larger subpubic angle , greater than 80 degrees

71
Q

Male pelvic girdle

A

Narrow and tall
Circular diameter
Subpubic angle less than 70 degrees

72
Q

Female anterior to posterior organs

A

Bladder, uterus, ovaries, vagina, rectum

73
Q

Male anterior to posterior organs

A

Bladder
Rectum

74
Q

Abdominal aorta

A

External and internal iliac artery

75
Q

External iliac artery becomes the

A

Femoral artery

76
Q

Internal iliac artery branches

A

Posterior and anterior branch

77
Q

Posterior branch

A

Iliolumbar, lateral sacral, superior gluteal

78
Q

Ascends to the lumbar region (only one that ascends to the abdomen)

A

Iliolumbar

79
Q

Descends to lateral border of sacrum (stays in pelvic cavity )

A

Lateral sacral

80
Q

Passes between L5 and S1 nerve root as it moves into the gluteal region

A

Superior gluteal

81
Q

Anterior branch for females

A

Umbilical, obturator, superior vesical, uterine, vaginal, middle rectal, inferior gluteal, internal pudendal

82
Q

Passes to the superior bladder

A

Superior vesical

83
Q

Anterior branch male

A

Umbilical, obturator, superior vesical, deferens, inferior vesical, middle rectal, inferior gluteal, internal pudendal

84
Q

Lateral sacral and Iliolumbar blood supply

A

Pelvic walls

85
Q

Internal pudendal and inferior rectal blood supply

A

Perineum

86
Q

Obturator, superior gluteal, inferior gluteal blood supply

A

Lower extremities

87
Q

Parasympathetic (s2-s4)

A

Regulate micturition, defecation, and penile/clitoral erection

88
Q

Sympathetic (t11-l2)

A

Regulate ejaculation and orgasm

89
Q

Somatic nervous system (s2-s4, pudendal nerve)

A

Controls sphincters

Anatomy (16 decks)

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