Immunology - Hypersensitivity Flashcards
An example of a condition that involved type III hypersensitivity is:
Rheumatoid arthritis
Which of the following diseases is an example of type II hypersensitivity
Myasthenia gravis
1.) A 5-year-old girl was rushed to the emergency department because she was having trouble breathing. She had been playing at the park when she fell down and her face and neck started to swell up. One of her friends thought that the girl might have been stung by a bee because a bee was flying around them, and shortly before the girl fell to the ground, she had screamed. The girl had a large red bump on her cheek. This girl likely has:
a. Bruton’s hypogammaglobulinemia.
b. type I diabetes.
c. type IV hypersensitivity.
d. type I hypersensitivity.
d. type I hypersensitivity.
2.) A 30-year-old clinical laboratory science student complains of being tired but is not able to sleep. The woman also states that she has without reason have increase nervousness/anxiety. She has also lost 20 pounds over the past 2 months without trying. The woman’s pulse and blood pressure are elevated, and her eyes seem to be bulging. Her complete blood count (CBC) is normal. Her thyroid-stimulating hormone is decreased; however, her thyroid hormones are elevated. This woman most likely has:
a. myasthenia gravis
b. Graves disease
c. diabetes mellitus
d. Reiter’s syndrome
b. Graves disease
3.) A 35-year-old female experiences difficulty in walking, and her hands and feet are numb from time to time. Suspecting a disease involving the central nervous system, her physician orders magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The MRI reveals lesions on the myelin sheath. What is the most likely disease?
a. Multiple sclerosis
b. Myasthenia gravis
c. Rheumatoid arthritis
d. Graves disease
a. Multiple sclerosis
4.) A 56-year-old woman presents to her physician complaining of weight gain and joint problems. She is increasingly having difficulty walking up stairs and manipulating her fingers. Fingers in both hands as well as knees on both legs are equally painful and stiff. The symptoms have been getting progressively worse over the past 6 months. Rheumatoid factor is elevated, and antinuclear antibodies are not detected. Complement levels in her joints are decreased. This woman most likely has:
a. rheumatoid arthritis
b. systemic lupus erythematosus
c. myasthenia gravis
d. Grave’s disease
e. insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
a. rheumatoid arthritis
5.) A pregnant Rh-negative woman is concerned of possible hemolytic disease in her newborn and in future children. The best approach to avoid this problem is
a. administer RhoGam to the first newborn.
b. administer RhoGam to the mother for all pregnancies.
c. not to administer RhoGam.
d. administer RhoGam to each newborn.
b. administer RhoGam to the mother for all pregnancies.
6.) Active systemic lupus erythematosus is characterized by:
a. increase in cells lining the synovial membrane.
b. presence of dsDNA antibodies.
c. HLA-DR antigens expressed on thyroid epithelial cells.
d. absence of immune complexes.
b. presence of dsDNA antibodies.
7.) All of the hypersensitivity responses have which of the following in common?
a. Activation of macrophage against a pathogen.
b. Involvement of antibody
c. Asymptomatic sensitization phase
d. Release of histamine
c. Asymptomatic sensitization phase
8.) An autoimmune disease characterized by pain and progressive destruction of the joints, weight loss, morning stiffness, and presence of an antibody directed against IgG best describes:
a. diabetes mellitus
b. lupus
c. hemolytic anemia.
d. Graves disease
e. rheumatoid arthritis
e. rheumatoid arthritis
9.) Anaphylactic reactions are mediated by:
a. lymphocytes
b. mast cells.
c. natural killer cells
d. macrophages
b. mast cells.
10.) An exaggerated reaction directed against an antigen that is harmless is called:
a. immune complex disease
b. assive cutaneous anaphylaxis
c. hypersensitivity
d. atopy
c. hypersensitivity
11.) Antibodies to cyclic citrullinated proteins (anti-CCP) are specific diagnostic indicators for:
a. diabetes mellitus
b. multiple sclerosis
c. rheumatoid arthritis
d. Graves disease
c. rheumatoid arthritis
12.) Autoimmune hemolytic anemia targets which cells or tissues?
a. Connective tissues
b. White blood cells
c. Platelets
d. Liver
e. Red blood cells
e. Red blood cells
13.) Central tolerance, in which lymphocytes learn to distinguish between self-antigens and foreign antigens, takes place in the thymus and:
a. liver
b. spleen
c. lymph nodes
d. bone marrow
d. bone marrow
14.) Complement is responsible for tissue damage in which of the following reactions? (Choose all correct answers)
a. Anaphylaxis
b. Type II hypersensitivity
c. Delayed-type hypersensitivity
d. Type III hypersensitivity
e. Immediate hypersensitivity
d. Type III hypersensitivity
15.) Hypersensitivities to poison ivy and nickel are:
a. mediated by IgG and IgM antibodies.
b. mediated by eosinophils
c. macrophage and T-cell responses to a hapten.
d. IgE responses to a hapten.
c. macrophage and T-cell responses to a hapten.
16.) Immune injury resulting from the localization of immune complexes in blood vessels and tissues describes which hypersensitivity reaction?
a. II
b. IV
c. III
d. I
III
17.) In the rheumatoid factor test, what is being detected?
a. antithyroglobulin antibody
b. antinuclear antibody
c. IgM directed against IgG
d. IgG directed against IgM
IgM directed against IgG
18.) In which of the following autoimmune diseases are antibodies to acetylcholine receptors produced, thereby blocking the signal to muscles?
a. Multiple sclerosis
b. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
c. Myasthenia gravis
d. Systemic lupus erythematosus
e. Sjögren’s syndrome
c. Myasthenia gravis
19.) Reaction to poison ivy is which type of hypersensitivity?
a. II
b. III
c. IV
d. I
c. IV
20.) The fluorescent antinuclear antibody test for lupus is an example of which of the following?
a. Direct fluorescence testing
b. Indirect fluorescence testing
c. Competitive immunoassay
d. Flow cytometry
b. Indirect fluorescence testing
21.) The normal activity of a type I hypersensitivity response is protection primarily against which of the following?
a. Viruses
b. Fungi
c. Bacteria
d. Parasites
d. Parasites
22.) The principal difference between type II and type III hypersensitivity reactions is:
a. involvement of helper T cells and macrophages.
b. whether the antigen is cellular or soluble.
c. the isotype of the antibody involved.
d. complement-mediated lysis of host cells
b. whether the antigen is cellular or soluble.
23.) The purified protein derivative reaction to determine exposure to tuberculosis is based on which of the following?
a. Formation of antigen–antibody complexes
b. A sensitized T-cell response
c. An immediate hypersensitivity reaction
d. A type II hypersensitivity reaction
b. A sensitized T-cell response
24.) Type I hypersensitivity involves:
a. a kidney membrane antigen and specific antibody.
b. IgE binding to mast cells and basophils.
c. natural killer cell activation
d. phagocytic cell degranulation and proteolytic enzyme activity
b. IgE binding to mast cells and basophils.
25.) What is the target of the autoimmune response that leads to multiple sclerosis?
a. Nucleic acid
b. Myelin
c. Beta-islet cells
d. Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor
Myelin