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4- SA- Collapse, Weakness, Exercise Intolerance > secondary haemostasis > Flashcards

secondary haemostasis Flashcards

1
Q

List the 4 cells that are involved in secondary haemostasis

A

fibroblasts
platelets
endothelial cells
leukocytes

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2
Q

What substances apart from cells are needed in secondary haemostasis

A

enzyme coagulation factors
fibrinogen
calcium

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3
Q

List the factors that are in the intrinsic pathway

A

XII- 12
XI- 11
IX- 9
VIII- 8

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4
Q

List the factors on the extrinsic pathway

A

III- 3
VII- 7

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5
Q

List the factors that are on the common pathway

A

X- 10
V- 5
II- 2
I - 1

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6
Q

List the clotting factors that are vitamin K dependent

A

II- 2
VII- 7
IX- 9
X- 10

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7
Q

What tests are used to diagnose secondary haemostasis

A

Whole blood clotting time
One stage prothrombin time
Activated partial thromboplastin time
Specific factor assays

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8
Q

What pathways does WBCT measure

A

intrinsic and common pathways

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9
Q

List the pathways that OSPT measure

A

extrinsic and common

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10
Q

What pathways does APTT measure

A

Intrinsic and common pathways

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11
Q

Any factors in their respective lines being below what percentage of what it should be will result in increases in OSPT and APTT

A

30%

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12
Q

What is hyphema

A

anterior chamber of the eye filled with blood

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13
Q

What is the difference between ecchymoses and petechiae?

A

Petechiae= pin pricks
Ecchymoses= large areas

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14
Q

What are some disorders of secondary haemostasis

A

Haemophillia A or B
Vitamin K antagonist (rat bait)
Hepatic disease

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15
Q

What factor deficiency does Haemophilia A result in

A

Factor VIII- 8

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16
Q

What factor deficiency does Haemophilia B result in

A

Factor IX- 9

17
Q

How long does it take for clinical effects to occur in rat bait poisoning

A

1-3 days

18
Q

What coagulation test results does haemophilia resut in

A

APTT increased
Increased WBCT

19
Q

What coagulation test results does vitamin K antagonist (rat bait) toxicity result in

A

increased WBCT
increased OSPT
increased APTT

20
Q

What coagulation test results does hepatic disease result in?

A

Increased OSPT
increased APTT

21
Q

What is fibrinogen

A

the end product of the coagulation cascade
converted by thrombin into fibrin during blood coagulation
fibrin then cross linked by factor XIII to form clot

22
Q

List 3 things that can result in increased fibrinogen concentrations

A

DIC
potential bleeding
liver problem

23
Q

What would result in decreased fibrinogen concentrations?

A

-Viral and bacterial infections
-Kidney disease
-Traumatic injuries or surgery
-Cancer
-Heart disease
-Canine pregnancy

24
Q

When is D-dimer concentration in the blood increased?

A

Thrombosis occuring
Fibrinolysis occuring

25
Q

What are some examples of pro-thrombotic states in animals?

A

DIC
feline thromboembolic disease
protein losing nephropathy
hyperadrenocorticism

26
Q

What is the pathophysiology behind disseminated intravascular coagulation?

A

-Excessive activation o haemostatic pathways results in high thrombin and microvascular thrombi
-Coagulation factors and platelets are depleted leading to haemorrhage

27
Q

What are the main triggers for DIC?

A

-Endothelial damage: electrocution, heat stroke, sepsis
-Platelet activation: mainly viral (FIP)
-Release of tissue procoagulants: trauma, pancreatitis, bacterial infections

28
Q

What infectious agents are implicated in causing DIC?

A

-Bacterial sepsis
-Viral disease (FIP)
-Protozoa (Babesia Canis)
-Parasites (A.vasorum)

29
Q

What neoplasias are implicated in causing DIC?

A

-Metastatic tumours are overrepresented
-Haemangiosarcomas
-Haematopoietic
-Cholangiocarcinoma
-Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

30
Q

What inflammatory/necrotic processes are implicated in causing DIC?

A

IMHA
-Pancreatitis
-Hepatitis
-Vasculitis
-GDV
-Hepatic lipidosis (cats)

31
Q

What test results can be indicative of DIC?

A

-Thrombocytopaenia or platelets consistently dropping in normal range
-Hypofibrinogenaemia
-Increased fibrinogen degradation products (D-dimer high)
-Schistocytes

32
Q

In what rabbit diseases is subacute and acute death caused y DIC?

A

-RHDV
-RHDV2

4- SA- Collapse, Weakness, Exercise Intolerance (10 decks)

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