Salines (Crystalloid Solutions) Flashcards
Hypertonic
***Remember for all: water moves from area of low solutes to high solutes
- Water moves out of cells
- give to patients with peritonitis, crohn’s or GI issues
3% Normal Saline:
- administered for hyponatremia, increased intracranial pressure, brain injury
Dextrose 10% in Water (D10W):
- administered for calorie administration when TPN runs out
Dextrose 5% in Lactate Ringer (LR5%)
- give to patients with peritonitis or GI distress to restore fluid and electrolyte balance
Total Parental Nutrition (TPN):
- administered for all caloric and nutritional needs through a central venous catheter when there is impaired GI function
Hypotonic
- Water moves into the cells
Dextrose 5% in water (D5W):
- also an isotonic solution because once cells have absorbed the dextrose, the remaining water and electrolytes became isotonic
- administered for hypernatremia
0.45% Normal Saline (half normal saline)
- administered to treat hypernatremia, DKA
- contraindicated for those with burns, trauma, and liver diseases
Isotonic
- No movement of water between extracellular space and cells
0.9% Normal saline:
- administered for most hydration needs - hemorrhage, vomiting, diarrhea, metabolic acidosis, shock
Lactated Ringer:
- similar to blood plasma concentration (good for burn and trauma patients)
- Administered for blood loss, hypovolemia due to third space fluid shift, electrolyte imbalances, metabolic acidosis
- Do not give to patients with pH >7.5 (alkalosis), liver disease, or unable to metabolize lactate