life in increasing complexity #9

Question 1

3 similarities in sexual reproduction across eukaryotes

Answer 1

• meiosis (change in ploidy)
• the fusion of 2 haploid gametes (fertilization)
• the production of a genetically distinct zygote

Question 2

How can sexes be segregated in plants?

Answer 2

hermaphroditic

Question 3

what is hermaphroditic

Answer 3

individuals that produce
male and female gametes

Question 4

How can sexes be segregated in animals?

Answer 4

dioecious

Question 5

what is dioecious

Answer 5

individuals that produce
either male or female
gametes

Question 6

What is sex

Answer 6

chromosomes & genitals present at birth (categorization of observable phonetic differences)

Question 7

What is gender

Answer 7

identity is one’s internal sense of gender (complex varied & exists w/in societal views)

Question 8

How biologists define male

Answer 8

smaller, motile, genetic information
only

Question 9

How biologists define female

Answer 9

larger, immotile, genetic information & nutrients

Question 10

Anisogamy

Answer 10

gametes have different size; small = male
large = female

Question 11

Isogamy

Answer 11

• gametes that have the equal size (+/-)

Question 12

How is Anisogamy likely evolved (bc it is stable)

Answer 12

bc genetic material & other resources to make offspring

Question 13

What is the relationship between multicellularity & sexual dimorphism?

Answer 13

anisogamy

Question 14

What are the disadvantages “costs” of sexual reproduction for individuals?

Answer 14

difficult to adapt to changing environmental conditions if populations are too genetically similar
↳ need standing genetic variation for adaptation to be possible
↳ no variation , no evolution
↳ ex: males cannot produce offspring alone