Eukaryotes emerge #10 Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of ancestral

A

found in group & common ancestor

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2
Q

Definition of derived

A

found in group & not in common ancestor or sister group

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3
Q

Definition of eukaryote

A

all complex cells
all (complex) multicellular organisms
all plants, animals, fungi

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4
Q

What are the features of eukaryotes?

A

the eukaryotic cell is basically one interconnected membrane system that functions in a highly Cooperative way

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5
Q

What does the endomembrane system consist of?

A
  • nuclear envelope
  • ER
  • Golgi apparatus
  • lysosomes,
  • vesicles
  • endosomes
  • plasma membrane
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6
Q

What is the symbiogenesis/endosymbiosis hypothesis?

A

explaining the origin of eukaryotic cell

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7
Q

the evidence that supports the symbiogenesis/endosymbiosis hypothesis?

A
  • own DNA and ribosomes
    -more similar to bacteria
  • the cell cannot create new ones
  • binary fission
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8
Q

What are the characteristics of all eukaryotes?

A

(much) larger than prokaryotes
contain organelles and cytoskeleton (membrane-bound)
DNA in bundles called “chromosomes” and contained within nucleus
contain mitochondria (plastids)

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9
Q

Definition of monophyly (clade)

A

common ancestor & all living descendants

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10
Q

Definition of paraphyly

A

common ancestor & some living descendants

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11
Q

Definition of polyphyly

A

does not include most recent common ancestor

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12
Q

why protists (algae) are fake groups?

A

does not include plants, animals, fungi

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13
Q

What are the 4 eukaryotic supergroups?

A

excavate, SAR, archaeplastida, unikonta

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14
Q

Why are the 4 eukaryotic supergroups depicted as a polytomy?

A

bc we do not know which group diverged first

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15
Q

What are the major groups in Excavates?

A

diplomonads
parbasalids
euglenozonas

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16
Q

what are the key characteristics of the major groups in Excavates?

A

mitosomes, hydrogenosomes - ex: parasites & anaerobic