Exam 3: Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

nervous system is…

A

master controlling and communicating system of body

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2
Q

What are the 3 overlapping functions of the nervous system?

A

sensory input, integration, and motor output

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3
Q

sensory input

A

Information gathered by sensory receptors about internal and external changes

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4
Q

integration

A

Processing and interpretation of sensory input

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5
Q

motor output

A

Activation of effector organs (muscles and glands) produces a response

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6
Q

what is a synapse?

A

when sensory nerves communicate with each other

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7
Q

“fight” or “flight”

A

driven by the sympathetic nervous system responding to stressful situations

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8
Q

“rest and digest”

A

the parasympathetic nervous system predominates these conditions

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9
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

brain and spinal cord of dorsal body cavity; integration and control center

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10
Q

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

the portion of the nervous system outside C S; consists mainly of nerves that extend from brain and spinal cord

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11
Q

The two functional divisions of the PNS are….

A

Sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent)

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12
Q

Sensory Division

A

▪ Somatic sensory fibers: convey impulses from skin,
skeletal muscles, and joints to CNS
▪ Visceral sensory fibers: convey impulses from visceral
organs to CNS

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13
Q

Motor Division

A

▪ Transmits impulses from CNS to effector organs
– Muscles and glands
▪ Two divisions
– Somatic nervous system
– Autonomic nervous system

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14
Q

somatic nervous system

A

somatic motor nerve fibers conduct impulses from CNS to skeletal muscle; voluntary nervous system

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15
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

consist of visceral motor nerve fibers; regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands; involuntary; 2 subdivisions: sympathetic and parasympathetic

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16
Q

what are neuroglia?

A

(glial cells) are small cells that surround and wrap delicate neurons (cells that transmit electrical signals)

17
Q

Four main neuroglia that support CNS…

A

astrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes

18
Q

Astrocytes

A

Most abundant, versatile, and highly branched of glial
cells; cling to neurons, synaptic endings, and capillaries

19
Q

Microglial Cells

A

Small, ovoid cells with thorny processes that touch
and monitor neurons; Migrate toward injured neurons; Can transform to phagocytize microorganisms and
neuronal debris

20
Q

Ependymal Cells

A

Range in shape from squamous to columnar; May be ciliated (Cilia beat to circulate CSF); Line the central cavities of the brain and spinal column; Form permeable barrier between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in cavities and tissue fluid bathing CNS cells

21
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

branched cells; processes wrap CNS nerve fibers, forming insulating myelin sheaths in thicker nerve fibers

22
Q

Neuroglia found in PNS

A

satellite cells (similar to astrocytes in CNS); Schwann cells (surround all peripheral nerve fibers and form myelin sheaths in thicker fibers)

23
Q

Neurons

A

nerve cells; structural units of the nervous system; large, highly specialized and conduct impulses; all have a cell body

24
Q

satellite cells

A

surround neuron cell bodies in PNS and function similar to astrocytes of CNS

25
Q

Schwann cells

A

surround all peripheral nerve fibers and form myelin sheaths in thicker nerve fibers

26
Q

Neuron cell body

A

also called perikaryon or soma; synthesizes proteins, membranes, chemicals; most are located in CNS

27
Q

dendrites

A

Motor neurons can contain 100s of these short, tapering, diffusely branched processes

28
Q
A