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Biology > Meiosis - Sexual Reproduction > Flashcards

Meiosis - Sexual Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Asexual reproduction definition

A

reproduction requiring only one parent and leads to the production of genetically identical offspring

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2
Q

sexual reproduction definition

A

reproduction involving two parents and leads to the production of genetically distinct offspring

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3
Q

What are male and female reproductive cells called?

A

gametes

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4
Q

haploid chromosome state

A

the reproductive cells that contain 23 unpaired chromosomes

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5
Q

diploid cells chromosome state

A

diploid cells are somatic, they have 23 paired chromosomes

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6
Q

Examples of gametes

A

haploid sperm, haploid egg(ovum)

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7
Q

somatic cell examples

A

brain cells, skeletal muscle, gut, skin, heart

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8
Q

Fertilization

A

(sperm + egg)

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9
Q

zygote definition

A

fertilized egg that starts as a single cell but then undergoes mitosis and becomes an embryo

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10
Q

sperm and egg ‘n’ things

A

sperm (n) + ovum(n) = Zygote (2n)

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11
Q

ploidy

A

the number of chromosome sets in a cell

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12
Q

How do mitosis and meiosis relate to ploidy?

A

Mitosis preserves ploidy and meiosis halves ploidy

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13
Q

What are the two outcomes of meiosis?

A

Genetic reduction and then genetic recombination

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14
Q

What is genetic reduction?

A

when the daughter cells with 1/2 the number of chromosomes in the parent cell are the result

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15
Q

what is genetic recombination?

A

the productions of meiosis have different combinations of alleles. This creates genetically different offspring from one another and from their parents.

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16
Q

What are the 3 main steps of meiosis?

A

Interphase, meiosis I and meiosis II

17
Q

What happens in interphase in meiosis?

A
  • the preparation for division (DNA replication like in mitosis)
18
Q

what happens in meiosis I

A

it is also called reduction

  • converts a diploid 2n cell into 2 haploid cells
19
Q

what happens during meiosis II

A

the cell separates the contents of the two

20
Q

What are the divisions of interphase in meiosis?

A

G1, S, and G2

21
Q

What is the form of DNA in Interphase in meiosis

A

chromatin

22
Q

What happens during S phase in meiosis?

A

There is a duplication of DNA - NOT CHROMOSOMES

23
Q

If a cell is 2n = 6, what is the result?

A

6 chromosomes and 6 DNA molecules AND THEN 12 DNA molecules and 6 chromosomes + dupliation of centrosomes
- the spindle fibers begin to grow out from centrosomes
- the nucleolus and nuclear membrane are still present

24
Q

Synapsis

A

the pairing of two chromosomes that occurs during meiosis

25
Q

where does crossing over occur?

A

chiasma (chiasmata)

26
Q

What is crossing over?

A

segments of chromosomes changing

27
Q

oogenesis definition

A

the production of eggs or ova

28
Q

where does oogenesis take place?

A

the ovaries of females

29
Q

what does oogenesis begin with

A

a diploid cell called an oogonium

30
Q

Describe maturation process for the ovum

A
  • before birth, the oogonia reproduce by mitosis, and they begin meiosis but stop at prophase I
  • meiosis I will continue for one cell each month beginning at puberty
  • involves an unequal division of cytoplasm
  • the cell that receives most of cytoplasm
    • forms a viable egg
    • contains a large amount of nutrients that will support the zygote after fertilization
31
Q

when are the final stages of meiosis of an egg completed?

A

when the egg is fertilized by a sperm

32
Q

what is the smaller ovum left after meiosis II called?

A

the polar body

33
Q

spermatogenesis definition -

A

the production of sperm

34
Q

where does spermatogenesis take place

A

in the testes of males

35
Q

what is the diploid cell called is spermatogenesis

A

spermatogonium

36
Q

hen does spermatogenesis begin

A

puberty

37
Q

how to spermatogonia reproduce

A

by mitosis

38
Q

primary spermatocyte…

A

undergo meiosis to form four haploid cells

39
Q
A

Biology (22 decks)

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