Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Boards Prep > Clinical Correlations of the Upper GI System - Liver & Pancreas > Flashcards

Clinical Correlations of the Upper GI System - Liver & Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

What is hepato-renal syndrome?

A

A functional form of renal failure due to liver cirrhosis. Patients will not respond to IV fluids. Liver transplant needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Obstruction is most associated with (conjugated/unconjugated) hyperbilirubinemia.

A

Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis are at higher risk of developing cholangiocarcinoma. What condition do most patients concurrently have?

A

Ulcerative colitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

This disease is characterized by progressive destruction of large bile ducts.

A

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is longterm ascites managed?

A

With diuretics (furosemide, spironolactone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Patients with acute pancreatitis generally present with severe, sudden pain that radiates to the back. What abnormal lab findings may be present?

A

Amylase and lipase levels >3x normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A patient undergoes Hepatitis B serology testing. What is their status?

HbsAg - negative
anti-HBc - positive
anti-HBs - positive

A

Immune due to natural infection. Immune, vaccinated patients do not have HBc antibodies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is hemochromatosis?

A

A genetic disorder that causes the deposition of iron in the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the treatment for acetaminophen overdose?

A

N-acetylcysteine antidote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A patient presents with liver dysfunction. Their transaminases are >1000 and blood testing confirms ANA and anti-smooth muscle antibodies. What is the diagnosis?

A

Autoimmune hepatitis

anti-LKM1 antibodies are seen in children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What would be the Hepatitis B serology results for a patient immune to the virus due to vaccination?

A

HbsAg - negative
anti-HBc - negative
anti-HBs - positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What would be the Hepatitis B serology results for a patient chronically infected with the virus?

A

HBsAg - positive
anti-HBc - positive
IgM anti-HBc - negative
anti-HBs - negative

HBs antibodies are not generated until the virus is cleared.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the treatment for chronic pancreatitis?

A

Glucose control, small and frequent low-fat meals, pancreatic enzyme supplements, pain control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What would be the Hepatitis B serology results for a patient acutely infected with the virus?

A

HbsAg - positive
anti-HBc - positive
IgM anti-HBc - positive
anti-HBs - negative

HBs antibodies are not generated until the virus is cleared.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the USA?

A

Acetaminophen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

True/False. Most cases of Hepatitis C infection are acute.

A

False - acute cases are rarely seen. Most are chronic

17
Q

What is the most common cause of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia?

A

Gilbert’s disease - deficient functioning of UGT enzyme

18
Q

What is the treatment for hepatic encephalopathy?

A

Lactulose, with rifaximin as prophylaxis

19
Q

What is the most common complication of portal hypertension?

A

Ascites

20
Q

What is the most common location of pancreatic adenocarcinoma?

A

Head of the pancreas

21
Q

What is the cause of hepatic encephalopathy?

A

Decompensated liver cirrhosis - buildup of glutamine in the brain from increased ammonia that causes edema

22
Q

Metabolic syndrome is most associated with what liver pathology?

A

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

23
Q

This disease is characterized by progressive autoimmune destruction of small bile ducts.

A

Primary biliary cholangitis

24
Q

What is the primary prophylaxis for esophageal varices?

A

Beta-blockers (nadolol, propanolol) and banding

25
Q

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) is found in the liver, kidneys, and placenta. When ALP is elevated, what enzyme is checked to confirm liver dysfunction?

A

Gama-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) - when elevated with ALP indicates liver problem

26
Q

What are the most common causes of acute pancreatitis?

A

Alcohol, cholelithiasis (gallstones)

27
Q

Hepato-renal syndrome is caused by liver cirrhosis. What is the pathophysiology of the disorder?

A

Splanchnic vasodilation, renal vasodilation, activation of RAAS

28
Q

What is a possible complication of acute pancreatitis?

A

Pseudocysts

29
Q

What gene mutations are associated with hemochromatosis?

A

H63D andC282Y

30
Q

This Hepatitis virus is spread via contaminated foods and water and never causes chronic infection.

A

Hepatitis A

31
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common type of hepatic tumor. What diagnostic finding may be found on imaging?

A

Arterial enhancement with rapid venous washout

32
Q

A patient is diagnosed with Alcohol-Induced liver disease. What are the likely levels of their AST:ALT enzymes?

A

AST increased x2 that of ALT

Boards Prep (116 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions