ethics + research methods

Question 1

ethics

Answer 1

principles of acceptable and moral conduct determining what is ‘right’ and what is ‘wrong’

Question 2

Principles of Bioethics

Answer 2

• Consequence based
• Duty/rule-based
• Virtues-based

Question 3

Consequence-based

Answer 3

ensuring the maximisation of positive outcomes and minimisation of negative effects

Question 4

duty/rule-based

Answer 4

considering how individuals act and what ethical rules should be followed on a societal basis

Question 5

virtues-based

Answer 5

considering the morals and virtues of each individual, and ensuring that the investigation takes these morals into account

Question 6

Principles of ethics

Answer 6

• Integrity
• Justice
• Beneficence
• Non-maleficence
• Respect

Question 7

Integrity

Answer 7

any findings possess honesty and mortality

Question 8

Justice

Answer 8

there is equal access to benefits for various groups and no burden on particular groups

Question 9

Beneficence

Answer 9

the act of doing what is good and right, minimising risk and maximising benefit

Question 10

non-maleficence

Answer 10

any sources of harm are avoided to the best of a researcher’s or investigator’s knowledge

Question 11

Respect

Answer 11

valuing living things, both human and non-human, including customs, decision-making and autonomy (the opportunity to make informed decisions without coercion or unfair influence)

Question 12

Accuracy

Answer 12

how close an experimental measurement is to a known true value

Question 13

Precision

Answer 13

refers to how close multiple measurements of the same investigation are to each other

Question 14

Repeatability

Answer 14

how close results of successive measurements are to each other in the same conditions

Question 15

Reproducibility

Answer 15

how close results are when the same variable is being measured using the same method and investigation but under different conditions

Question 16

Validity

Answer 16

credibility of the research results from experiments or from observations. It needs to measure what it sets out to investigate through fair testing.
- one manipulated variable, all other variables are controlled
- are not affected by factors such as experimental bias

Question 17

Minimisation of experimental bias

Answer 17

No bias - intentional or unintentional influence on a research investigation