Cardiac Illness

Question 1

Varicose Veins

Answer 1

• Individuals who have spent long periods of time standing or sitting may damage the
  valves in the veins of the lower legs
• skeletal muscles in the lower body do not move or contract enough to allow the blood to return to the heart.
• If the valves are not functioning properly, there is
  a greater accumulation of blood in the veins
• the veins stretch but do not rebound,
  creating a bulging
• circulation to the brain is decreased, which may cause fainting
• may increase risk of blood clotting

Question 2

Anemia

Answer 2

• indicates low hemoglobin levels which leads to low oxygen levels
• Commonly caused by bleeding from an external injury or from internal bleeding (ulcers in the stomach)
• Can result from a variety of diseases, but usually is caused by a deficiency of iron in the diet
• Postoperative Anemia is known risk after surgery

Question 3

Coronary Artery Disease

Answer 3

• buildup of plaque along the sides or inside artery walls
• Excess of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances forms the plaque
• Loss of elasticity and hardening of the arteries
• Reduces or blocks flow of blood, preventing the fluid from being able to be pumped around the body

Question 4

Hypertension

Answer 4

• High blood pressures
• makes heart pump more blood
• volume of the circulatory system does not increase, the pressure within the
  system increases.
• Kidney disease= more fluid to
  be retained in the blood= increase in the volume of blood= blood pressue
  -

Question 5

atrifcial blood

Answer 5

• tryng to be artifical blood because a supply of blood may not always be safe
• focusing on the transport function of blood
• two works in progress:

-hemoglobin-based oxygen
carriers (uses cow or human blood, but could have a toxic effect on kidneys)

perfluorocarbon emulsions (synethic)

Question 6

CBC

Answer 6

Complete blood count
A hemocytometer is used to estimate # of ethrocytes, leuckocytes and platelets in a volume of blood