digestive system Flashcards

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1
Q

what is ingestion

A

is the intake of substances such as food and drinks into the body through the mouth

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2
Q

what is digestion

A

the breakdown of large,insoluble food molecules into small water soluble molecules using mechanical and chemical process

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3
Q

mechanical digestion

A

is the breaking down of large peices into smaller pieces to increase the surface ara for faster action of enzymes

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4
Q

chemical digestion

A

is the breakdown of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules using enzymes

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5
Q

absorption

A

the movment of small food molecules and ions through the wwall of the intestine into blood

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6
Q

assimilation

A

the movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body where they are used

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7
Q

egestion

A

the passing out of food that has not been digested or absorbed through the anus

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8
Q

adaption of the villi

A

their wallls very thin for faster absorption
numerous increasing surfuce area for faster absorption
microvilli for more surface area for faster absorption
large network of blood cappilllieries to maintain concentration gradient
lacteal vessel for absorption of fatty acid and glycerol
large number of mitochndria to release energy for active transport

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9
Q

what are 5 process of digestive system

A

ingestion
digestion
absorption
assimlation
egestion

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10
Q

chemical process happen in mouth

A

starch change to maltose by amylase

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11
Q

explain mechanical in mouth

A

using teeth bite food and tunge mix food with salivia increase surface area form it into bolus to be sawallowed

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12
Q

chemical process happen in stomach

A

protien break into ammino acid by pepsin

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13
Q

function of hcl acid

A

provide optimum ph for pepsin
kill bacteria

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14
Q

mechanical process happen in stomach

A

mixing of food and muscles contaract and relax to churn

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15
Q

teeth

A

mechanical digestion of food by chewing,cutting,grinding food

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16
Q

chemicalals broken by pancertice juice

A

starch broken to glucose by amylase
protien broken to ammino acid by trypsin
lipid broken to faaty acid and glycerol by lipase

17
Q

What is a perstalisis

A

Alteranting waves of contraction and relaxation of longitudinal and circular muscles in the walls of alimentary canal

18
Q

What two types of protease enzyme

A

Trypsin
Pepsin

19
Q

Osephogus

A

It’s a muscular tube takes food from mouth to stomach and food moves down by perstalisis

20
Q

What saliva is made of

A

Water
Mucus
Enzyme amylase

21
Q

Chemical breakdown happen in salivary gland

A

Starch break to maltose by amylase

22
Q

Where bile juice is secreted and stored

A

Secret from liver
Store in gallbladder

23
Q

Function of bile juice

A

1.break large droplets of fats to small droplets of fats that increase s.a so increase action of lipase
2.carbonate neutrilise acidic mixture from the stomach

24
Q

Function of small intestine

A

Absorb digested food

25
Q

Chemical breakdown in illueum

A

Maltose break to glucose by maltase

26
Q

Where is villi

A

Inner surface of ileum in second part of small intestine

27
Q

Function of anus

A

Pass indigestible food as faeces

28
Q

Function of rectum

A

Store faeces

29
Q

Function of colon

A

Reabsorb water and salts

30
Q

What happen in stomach

A

Protien break down to amino acid by pepsin
Has hcl kill bacteria and provide optimum pH of pepsin

31
Q

What is an alimentary canal

A

1.It’s a long tube run from mouth to anuse
2.its part of digestive system
3.include liver and pancreas
4.wall contain muscles to relax and contract to make food move along