week 8: upper extremity p.2 Flashcards

1
Q

anatomy necessary for PA, lateral, and oblique finger x-rays

A

distal, middle, proximal phalanx
distal metacarpal
associated joints

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2
Q

anatomy necessary for AP thumb x-rays

A

distal, proximal phalanx
first metacarpal
trapezium
associated joints

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3
Q

anatomy necessary for PA oblique thumb x-rays

A

distal, proximal phalanx
first metacarpal
trapezium
associated joints

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4
Q

anatomy necessary for lateral thumb x-rays

A

distal, proximal phalanx
first metacarpal
trapezium (superimposed)
associated joints

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5
Q

anatomy necessary for PA and oblique hand x-rays

A

entire hand (all phalanxes) and wrist (all carpals)
1 inch of distal ulna/radius

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6
Q

anatomy necessary for lateral hand x-ray: fan lateral

A

entire hand and wrist, 1 inch of distal ulna/radius

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7
Q

anatomy necessary for lateral hand x-ray: lateral in flexion/extension

A

entire hand and wrist
1 inch of distal ulna/radius
thumb should be slightly oblique and free of superimposition with joint spaces open

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8
Q

for a hand x-ray lateral in flexion/extension, the thumb should be _________ and _________________

A

slightly oblique, free of superimposition with joint spaces open

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9
Q

regarding anterior versus posterior distal radial margins, the posterior edge is ___________ whereas the anterior edge is ___________

A

blunt, rounded

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10
Q

in a PA wrist x-ray, the second through fifth CM joint spaces are (open/closed)

A

open

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11
Q

anatomy necessary for a PA wrist x-ray

A

-mid and proximal metacarpals
-carpals
-distal radius/ulna, and associated joints;
-pertinent soft tissues of wrist,
-all intercarpal spaces do not appear open because of irregular shapes that result in overlapping
-2-5th CM joint spaces open

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12
Q

anatomy necessary for a PA oblique wrist x-ray

A

-trapezium and scaphoid should be well visualized with only slight superimposition of other carpals on their medial aspects
-mid and proximal metacarpals
-carpals
-distal radius/ulna, and associated joints

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13
Q

for a PA oblique wrist x-ray, ___________ should be well visualized with only slight superimposition of other carpals on their medial aspects

A

trapezium and scaphoid

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14
Q

anatomy necessary for a lateromedial wrist x-ray

A

-mid and proximal metacarpals
-carpals
-distal radius/ulna, and associated joints
true lateral evidenced by:
-ulnar head and distal radius superimposed
-proximal 2nd-5th metacarpals superimposed

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15
Q

how do you determine if a lateromedial wrist x-ray is in a true lateral position?

A

-ulnar head and distal radius superimposed
-proximal 2nd-5th metacarpals superimposed

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16
Q

how much superimposition of distal radioulnar joint should there be in a PA wrist with ulnar deviation?

A

minimal

17
Q

anatomy necessary for a PA wrist with ulnar deviation

A

proximal metacarpals
-carpals
-distal radius/ulna, and associated joints
-scaphoid demonstrated without foreshortening

18
Q

anatomy necessary for a PA wrist with radial deviation

A

-proximal metacarpals
-carpals
-distal radius/ulna, and associated joints

19
Q

in a PA wrist with ulnar deviation, the scaphoid should be demonstrated _____________

A

without foreshortening

20
Q

anatomy necessary for an AP forearm

A

-1.5 inches distal humerus
-1.5 inches proximal carpals
-ulna and radius

-humerus epicondyles in profile
-radial head, neck, and tuberosity slightly imposed by ulna

21
Q

anatomy necessary for a lateromedial forearm

A

1.5 inches distal humerus
1.5 inches proximal carpals
ulna and radius

-head of ulna superimposed over radius
-humeral epicondyles superimposed
-radial head superimpose coronoid process, with radial tuberosity demonstrated

22
Q

an AP projection of the elbow has the inter-epicondylar plane ________ to the IR

A

parallel

23
Q

a lateromedial projection of the elbow has the inter-epicondylar plane ________ to the IR

A

perpendicular

24
Q

a medial (internal) oblique elbow projection has the inter-epicondylar plane _________ to the IR

A

45 degrees

25
Q

a lateral (external) oblique elbow projection has the inter-epicondylar plane _________ to the IR

A

45 degrees

26
Q

the medial (internal) oblique projection best visualizes…

A

coronoid process of ulna, trochlea

27
Q

the lateral (external) oblique projection best visualizes…

A

radial head and neck of radius, capitulum of humerus

28
Q

what will be seen in a lateral elbow with the distal forearm elevated?

A

-radial head proximal to the coronoid process
-capitulum posterior to the medial trochlea

29
Q

what will be seen in a lateral elbow with the distal forearm depressed?

A

-radial head distal to the coronoid process
-capitulum anterior to the medial trochlea