week 8: upper extremity p.2 Flashcards
anatomy necessary for PA, lateral, and oblique finger x-rays
distal, middle, proximal phalanx
distal metacarpal
associated joints
anatomy necessary for AP thumb x-rays
distal, proximal phalanx
first metacarpal
trapezium
associated joints
anatomy necessary for PA oblique thumb x-rays
distal, proximal phalanx
first metacarpal
trapezium
associated joints
anatomy necessary for lateral thumb x-rays
distal, proximal phalanx
first metacarpal
trapezium (superimposed)
associated joints
anatomy necessary for PA and oblique hand x-rays
entire hand (all phalanxes) and wrist (all carpals)
1 inch of distal ulna/radius
anatomy necessary for lateral hand x-ray: fan lateral
entire hand and wrist, 1 inch of distal ulna/radius
anatomy necessary for lateral hand x-ray: lateral in flexion/extension
entire hand and wrist
1 inch of distal ulna/radius
thumb should be slightly oblique and free of superimposition with joint spaces open
for a hand x-ray lateral in flexion/extension, the thumb should be _________ and _________________
slightly oblique, free of superimposition with joint spaces open
regarding anterior versus posterior distal radial margins, the posterior edge is ___________ whereas the anterior edge is ___________
blunt, rounded
in a PA wrist x-ray, the second through fifth CM joint spaces are (open/closed)
open
anatomy necessary for a PA wrist x-ray
-mid and proximal metacarpals
-carpals
-distal radius/ulna, and associated joints;
-pertinent soft tissues of wrist,
-all intercarpal spaces do not appear open because of irregular shapes that result in overlapping
-2-5th CM joint spaces open
anatomy necessary for a PA oblique wrist x-ray
-trapezium and scaphoid should be well visualized with only slight superimposition of other carpals on their medial aspects
-mid and proximal metacarpals
-carpals
-distal radius/ulna, and associated joints
for a PA oblique wrist x-ray, ___________ should be well visualized with only slight superimposition of other carpals on their medial aspects
trapezium and scaphoid
anatomy necessary for a lateromedial wrist x-ray
-mid and proximal metacarpals
-carpals
-distal radius/ulna, and associated joints
true lateral evidenced by:
-ulnar head and distal radius superimposed
-proximal 2nd-5th metacarpals superimposed
how do you determine if a lateromedial wrist x-ray is in a true lateral position?
-ulnar head and distal radius superimposed
-proximal 2nd-5th metacarpals superimposed
how much superimposition of distal radioulnar joint should there be in a PA wrist with ulnar deviation?
minimal
anatomy necessary for a PA wrist with ulnar deviation
proximal metacarpals
-carpals
-distal radius/ulna, and associated joints
-scaphoid demonstrated without foreshortening
anatomy necessary for a PA wrist with radial deviation
-proximal metacarpals
-carpals
-distal radius/ulna, and associated joints
in a PA wrist with ulnar deviation, the scaphoid should be demonstrated _____________
without foreshortening
anatomy necessary for an AP forearm
-1.5 inches distal humerus
-1.5 inches proximal carpals
-ulna and radius
-humerus epicondyles in profile
-radial head, neck, and tuberosity slightly imposed by ulna
anatomy necessary for a lateromedial forearm
1.5 inches distal humerus
1.5 inches proximal carpals
ulna and radius
-head of ulna superimposed over radius
-humeral epicondyles superimposed
-radial head superimpose coronoid process, with radial tuberosity demonstrated
an AP projection of the elbow has the inter-epicondylar plane ________ to the IR
parallel
a lateromedial projection of the elbow has the inter-epicondylar plane ________ to the IR
perpendicular
a medial (internal) oblique elbow projection has the inter-epicondylar plane _________ to the IR
45 degrees
