week 8: upper extremity p.2

Question 1

anatomy necessary for PA, lateral, and oblique finger x-rays

Answer 1

distal, middle, proximal phalanx
distal metacarpal
associated joints

Question 2

anatomy necessary for AP thumb x-rays

Answer 2

distal, proximal phalanx
first metacarpal
trapezium
associated joints

Question 3

anatomy necessary for PA oblique thumb x-rays

Answer 3

distal, proximal phalanx
first metacarpal
trapezium
associated joints

Question 4

anatomy necessary for lateral thumb x-rays

Answer 4

distal, proximal phalanx
first metacarpal
trapezium (superimposed)
associated joints

Question 5

anatomy necessary for PA and oblique hand x-rays

Answer 5

entire hand (all phalanxes) and wrist (all carpals)
1 inch of distal ulna/radius

Question 6

anatomy necessary for lateral hand x-ray: fan lateral

Answer 6

entire hand and wrist, 1 inch of distal ulna/radius

Question 7

anatomy necessary for lateral hand x-ray: lateral in flexion/extension

Answer 7

entire hand and wrist
1 inch of distal ulna/radius
thumb should be slightly oblique and free of superimposition with joint spaces open

Question 8

for a hand x-ray lateral in flexion/extension, the thumb should be _________ and _________________

Answer 8

slightly oblique, free of superimposition with joint spaces open

Question 9

regarding anterior versus posterior distal radial margins, the posterior edge is ___________ whereas the anterior edge is ___________

Answer 9

blunt, rounded

Question 10

in a PA wrist x-ray, the second through fifth CM joint spaces are (open/closed)

Answer 10

open

Question 11

anatomy necessary for a PA wrist x-ray

Answer 11

-mid and proximal metacarpals
-carpals
-distal radius/ulna, and associated joints;
-pertinent soft tissues of wrist,
-all intercarpal spaces do not appear open because of irregular shapes that result in overlapping
-2-5th CM joint spaces open

Question 12

anatomy necessary for a PA oblique wrist x-ray

Answer 12

-trapezium and scaphoid should be well visualized with only slight superimposition of other carpals on their medial aspects
-mid and proximal metacarpals
-carpals
-distal radius/ulna, and associated joints

Question 13

for a PA oblique wrist x-ray, ___________ should be well visualized with only slight superimposition of other carpals on their medial aspects

Answer 13

trapezium and scaphoid

Question 14

anatomy necessary for a lateromedial wrist x-ray

Answer 14

-mid and proximal metacarpals
-carpals
-distal radius/ulna, and associated joints
true lateral evidenced by:
-ulnar head and distal radius superimposed
-proximal 2nd-5th metacarpals superimposed

Question 15

how do you determine if a lateromedial wrist x-ray is in a true lateral position?

Answer 15

-ulnar head and distal radius superimposed
-proximal 2nd-5th metacarpals superimposed

Question 16

how much superimposition of distal radioulnar joint should there be in a PA wrist with ulnar deviation?

Answer 16

minimal

Question 17

anatomy necessary for a PA wrist with ulnar deviation

Answer 17

proximal metacarpals
-carpals
-distal radius/ulna, and associated joints
-scaphoid demonstrated without foreshortening

Question 18

anatomy necessary for a PA wrist with radial deviation

Answer 18

-proximal metacarpals
-carpals
-distal radius/ulna, and associated joints

Question 19

in a PA wrist with ulnar deviation, the scaphoid should be demonstrated _____________

Answer 19

without foreshortening

Question 20

anatomy necessary for an AP forearm

Answer 20

-1.5 inches distal humerus
-1.5 inches proximal carpals
-ulna and radius

-humerus epicondyles in profile
-radial head, neck, and tuberosity slightly imposed by ulna

Question 21

anatomy necessary for a lateromedial forearm

Answer 21

1.5 inches distal humerus
1.5 inches proximal carpals
ulna and radius

-head of ulna superimposed over radius
-humeral epicondyles superimposed
-radial head superimpose coronoid process, with radial tuberosity demonstrated

Question 22

an AP projection of the elbow has the inter-epicondylar plane ________ to the IR

Answer 22

parallel

Question 23

a lateromedial projection of the elbow has the inter-epicondylar plane ________ to the IR

Answer 23

perpendicular

Question 24

a medial (internal) oblique elbow projection has the inter-epicondylar plane _________ to the IR

Answer 24

45 degrees

Question 25

a lateral (external) oblique elbow projection has the inter-epicondylar plane _________ to the IR

Answer 25

45 degrees

Question 26

the medial (internal) oblique projection best visualizes…

Answer 26

coronoid process of ulna, trochlea

Question 27

the lateral (external) oblique projection best visualizes…

Answer 27

radial head and neck of radius, capitulum of humerus

Question 28

what will be seen in a lateral elbow with the distal forearm elevated?

Answer 28

-radial head proximal to the coronoid process
-capitulum posterior to the medial trochlea

Question 29

what will be seen in a lateral elbow with the distal forearm depressed?

Answer 29

-radial head distal to the coronoid process
-capitulum anterior to the medial trochlea