final exam prep

Question 1

true/false:
The term radiograph refers to the recording medium and the image.

Answer 1

true

Question 2

true/false: One of the ways an oblique or lateral body position are described (or named) is according to the side farthest away from the IR (image receptor).

Answer 2

false

Question 3

For a lateral position of the chest, the IR is ________ to the midsagittal plane and _______________ to the midcoronal plane

Answer 3

parallel, perpendicular

Question 4

Which one of the following positioning considerations is most important in demonstrating air/fluid levels in the thorax during chest radiography?

72-inch (183-cm) SID
High kVp technique
Shoulders rolled forward
Patient in upright position

Answer 4

Patient in upright position

Question 5

Which body habitus types account for about 85% of the population?

Sthenic and hyposthenic
Asthenic and hyposthenic
Sthenic and hypersthenic
Hypersthenic and asthenic

Answer 5

Sthenic and hyposthenic

Question 6

Which body habitus is characterized by a long, shallow thorax and a frail build?

Answer 6

asthenic

Question 7

Which topographic landmark corresponds to the level of T9-10?

Answer 7

xiphoid process

Question 8

The correct order for the structures of the respiratory pathway is:

Answer 8

Trachea
right and left primary bronchi

secondary bronchi
bronchioles
alveoi

Question 9

true/false:
The esophagus is posterior to the trachea

Answer 9

true

Question 10

The internal prominence or ridge in which the trachea bifurcates into the right and left bronchi is termed the

Answer 10

carina

Question 11

true/false: The left primary bronchus is shorter and wider than the right primary bronchus.

Answer 11

false

Question 12

how many lobes are in the right lung? left lung?

Answer 12

right = 3
left = 2

Question 13

The space located between the two pleural cavities is termed the:

Answer 13

Mediastinum

Question 14

A PA chest image with accurate positioning demonstrates:

1. 10 or 11 posterior ribs above the diaphragm
2. equal posterior rib length on both sides of the chest
3. the manubrium superimposed by the fourth thoracic vertebra
4. the scapulae outside the lung field

Answer 14

1, 2, 3 and 4

Question 15

A left lateral chest image with accurate positioning demonstrates:

1.no humeral soft tissue in the lung field

2.no more than a total of 1/2 inch (1 cm) of space between the posterior ribs and/or the anterior ribs

3. the right hemidiaphragm inferior to the left hemidiaphragm

4.the hemidiaphragms inferior to the eleventh thoracic vertebra

Answer 15

1, 2, and 4

Question 16

Characteristics of a properly positioned PA projection of the chest include:

1. Chin above the chest
2. Clavicles above the apices
3. Sternal ends of the clavicles equidistant from midline

Answer 16

1 and 3 only

Question 17

Characteristics of a PA projection of the chest include:

1. No motion
2. Clavicles above the apices
3. Sternal ends of the clavicles equidistant from midline

Answer 17

1 and 3 only

Question 18

For a PA chest image with accurate positioning, the:

1. SID is set at 72 inches (183 cm)
2. shoulders are positioned at equal distances from the IR
3. upper midcoronal plane is tilted slightly toward the IR
4. elbows and shoulders are rotated posteriorly

Answer 18

1 and 2 only

Question 19

Which anatomic structure is examined radiographically to detect signs of patient rotation on the PA chest projection?

Answer 19

SC joints

Question 20

Which anatomic structure(s) is(are) used to determine rotation on a lateral chest radiograph?

Answer 20

posterior ribs

Question 21

Which would be demonstrated on a diagnostic AP forearm?

1. direct superimposition of epicondyles
2. humeral epicondyles visualized in profile
3. radial head, neck, and tuberosity slightly superimposed by the humerus
4. wrist and elbow joint spaces are partially open

Answer 21

2 and 4

Question 22

Which of the following would be demonstrated in a diagnostic Fan Lateral (Lateromedial projection) of the Hand?

1. distal radius and ulna are superimposed
2. equal amounts of soft tissue on each side of phalanges 2 through 5
3. joint spaces open
4. some overlap of distal heads of third, fourth, and fifth metacarpals
5. symmetric appearance of both sides or concavities of shafts of metacarpals and phalanges of digits 2 through 5

Answer 22

1 and 3 only

Question 23

Which topographic landmark corresponds to the level of L2/L3?

Answer 23

inferior costal margin

Question 24

Which topographic landmark corresponds to the level of L4-5?

Answer 24

iliac crest

Question 25

Which projection or position will best demonstrate free intraperitoneal air in the abdomen?

Answer 25

erect AP abdomen projection

Question 26

Which projection is performed to demonstrate free air or gas in the abdominal cavity when the patient is unable to stand?

Answer 26

left lateral decubitus

Question 27

For an upright AP abdomen projection, the 1. ASISs are positioned at equal distances from the IR. 2. patient remains in an upright position at least 5 to 20 minutes before the image is obtained. 3. symphysis pubis should be included. 4. patient is instructed to take a deep inspiration before the image is obtained.

Answer 27

1 and 2 only

Question 28

For an Acute Abdominal Series, the required projection are 1. PA chest 2. Lateral chest 3. KUB 4. Upright / Erect Abdomen

Answer 28

PA Chest KUB Upright/Erect Abdomen

Question 29

According to the text book, for the Erect Abdomen (AP projection), place the

Answer 29

top of the IR at the level of the axilla

Question 30

A PA chest image obtained on expiration demonstrates: 1. a narrower and longer heart shadow 2. lungs are less dense 3. a broader and shorter heart shadow 4. fewer than 10 posterior ribs above the diaphragm

Answer 30

3 and 4 only

Question 31

A PA chest image obtained with the patient rotated into an RAO position demonstrates ________ (in respect to posterior rib lengths)

Answer 31

the left posterior ribs have a greater length then the right posterior

Question 32

A PA chest image with poor positioning demonstrates vertical clavicles and the manubrium at the same level as the fifth thoracic vertebra. What was the error?

Answer 32

upper midcoronal plane was tilted toward the IR

Question 33

A rotated lateral chest image demonstrates the heart shadow posterior to the sternum. Identify the anteriorly positioned lung.

Answer 33

right

Question 34

What is the specific positioning error if the right iliac wing is wider in appearance as compared to the left as seen on an AP supine abdomen radiograph?

Answer 34

rotation of the right side of the body toward the IR (Right rotation)

Question 35

A supine AP abdominal image obtained with the patient in an LPO position demonstrates: 1.the sacrum and coccyx aligned with the symphysis pubis 2. Right side of pelvis is elongated (looks larger then the left side) 3. Left side of the pelvis is elongated (looks larger then the right side) 4. Right side of the patient is foreshortened (looks smaller then the left side)

Answer 35

3 and 4 only

Question 36

A general positioning rule is to place the long axis of the part ____ to the long axis of the image receptor.

Answer 36

parallel

Question 37

With the hand flat, the thumb will be in the following position

Answer 37

oblique

Question 38

Which position is recommended for localization of a metallic foreign body in the palm of the hand (best demonstrates the metacarpals?

Answer 38

lateral in extension

Question 39

What is necessary to demonstrate open interphalangeal joint spaces?

Answer 39

digit must be parallel to the IR

Question 40

At the most lateral side of the hand, the digit is called the

Answer 40

first digit

Question 41

An image of a hand should display (high/low) contrast

Answer 41

high

Question 42

true/false: For the lateromedial projection lateral in extension position of the hand it is acceptable for the metacarpals to be rotated.

Answer 42

false

Question 43

Put the carpal bones in the correct order on the distal row beginning on the medial side (medial to lateral)

Answer 43

hamate capitate trapezoid trapezium

Question 44

If a patient is standing with the anterior surface of the right side in contact with the vertical grid device, the result will be a _______ projection

Answer 44

PA oblique

Question 45

The partition between the thoracic and abdominal cavities is the:

Answer 45

diaphragm

Question 46

Which special position of the wrist will open up the interspaces on the ulnar side of the wrist (adjacent interspaces more open on the medial (ulnar) side of the wrist)?

Answer 46

radial deviation

Question 47

Which projection of the elbow best visualizes radial head, neck of the radius and capitulum of humerus free of superimposition?

Answer 47

external rotation AP oblique elbow

Question 48

Which position of the elbow results in the least superimposition of the olecranon process - best demonstrates the olecranon process - olecranon process in profile?

Answer 48

lateral elbow

Question 49

Which of the following would be present on the image of a properly positioned lateral of the forearm? 1. Olecranon process in profile 2. Elbow in 45° flexion 3. Superimposition of distal radius and ulna (one-half of radial head should be superimposed by the coronoid process)

Answer 49

1 and 3 only

Question 50

Which of the following projections is used to prevent crossing of the forearm bones? a. AP projection b. PA projection

Answer 50

AP projection

Question 51

Which of the following projections best corrects foreshortening of the scaphoid?

Answer 51

PA in ulnar deviation

Question 52

Which of the following is demonstrated free of superimposition on an AP oblique of the elbow in lateral rotation? 1. olecranon fossa 2. olecranon process 3. radial head and neck 4. trochlea

Answer 52

3 only

Question 53

Which elbow position demonstrates complete superimposition of the epicondyles?

Answer 53

lateral elbow

Question 54

To place the carpal bones closer to the IR for a PA projection of the wrist

Answer 54

flex the fingers into a loose fist

Question 55

The posterior fat pad lies in the

Answer 55

olecranon fossa

Question 56

The AP projection of the forearm should include the: 1. Radius and ulna 2. _______ row of carpals 3. ________ humerus

Answer 56

proximal row, distal

Question 57

Soft tissue detail is important for the lateral elbow to demonstrate

Answer 57

fat pads

Question 58

For the AP projection of the elbow, the humeral epicondyles (and the interepicondylar line) are

Answer 58

parallel to the IR

Question 59

For the AP projection of forearm, the hand is __________

Answer 59

supinated

Question 60

For both AP oblique elbow projections, the epicondyles (inter-epicondylar plane) and IR form an angle of:

Answer 60

45 degrees

Question 61

For an AP oblique elbow with medial rotation, the patient is positioned so that the: 1. Shoulder is level with the elbow 2. Elbow joint is 90° to the IR 3. Hand is supinated

Answer 61

1 only

Question 62

For an AP lateral oblique (externally rotated) elbow image with accurate positioning, the: 1. capitulum is in profile 2. radioulnar joint space is open 3. coronoid process is in profile 4. ulna is demonstrated without radial head superimposition

Answer 62

1, 2 and 4

Question 63

An IR that is large enough to extend at least 1 inch (2.5 cm) beyond the elbow and wrist joints for a forearm image is: a. needed to record the elbow and wrist on the image b. needed so the beam can be tightly collimated c. not a required positioning procedure d. needed only when a joint problem is suspected

Answer 63

A only

Question 64

An AP forearm image with accurate positioning demonstrates the: 1. radial styloid in profile laterally 2. radial head slightly superimposed over the ulna 3. ulnar styloid in profile laterally 4. humeral epicondyles in profile

Answer 64

1, 2, and 4

Question 65

An AP elbow image with accurate positioning demonstrates: 1. the medial and lateral humeral epicondyles in profile 2. the radial tuberosity in profile medially 3. an open capitulum-radial joint (elbow joint) 4. the ulna free of radial head and radial tuberosity superimposition

Answer 65

1, 2, and 3 only

Question 66

rotation of the arm for a lateromedial projection of the elbow will place the interepicondylar plane ____ to the IR.

Answer 66

perpendicular

Question 67

which of the following would be present on the image of a properly positioned AP projection of the forearm? 1. Superimposition of entire proximal row of the carpals bones with the radius and ulna (maximum superimposition 2. Radial tuberosity in medial profile 3. Radial styloid in lateral profile

Answer 67

2 and 3 only

Question 68

A well-positioned AP projection of the elbow will demonstrate:

Answer 68

slight superimposition (1/8) of proximal radius and ulna

Question 69

A lateral forearm image with accurate positioning demonstrates: 1. distal scaphoid and the pisiform are aligned 2. the ulnar styloid in profile 3. an open elbow joint space 4. the radial tuberosity in profile

Answer 69

1, 2, and 3

Question 70

A lateral elbow image with accurate positioning demonstrates: 1. an open elbow joint space 2. the radial head distal to the coronoid process 3. the radial tuberosity on end (not in profile) 4. the anterior fat pad

Answer 70

1, 3, and 4 only

Question 71

A PA wrist image with accurate positioning demonstrates: 1. an open radioulnar joint 2. the radial styloid in profile laterally 3. lunate is positioned proximal to radiulnar joint 4. complete superimposition of the third through fifth metacarpal bases

Answer 71

1 and 2 only

Question 72

A PA oblique wrist image with accurate positioning demonstrates: 1. the trapezoid and trapezium without superimposition 2. an open radioulnar joint space 3. the ulnar styloid in profile 4. midshafts of 4th and 5th MC demonstrate small separation

Answer 72

1, 3 and 4 only

Question 73

A PA wrist image obtained with the wrist in a neutral position demonstrates: 1. the scaphoid in partial foreshortening 2. the center of the lunate positioned distal to the radioulnar articulation 3. closed CM joints 4. alignment of the long axis of the third metacarpal and radius

Answer 73

1, 2, and 4 only

Question 74

An imaginary line connecting the humeral epicondyles is positioned perpendicular to the IR for: 1. an internally rotated AP shoulder image 2. a lateral humeral image

Answer 74

1 and 2 only

Question 75

The greater tubercle of the humerus is demonstrated in profile on the:

Answer 75

true AP projection humerus x-ray

Question 76

What is shown in profile on the lateromedial/rotational lateral of the Humerus?

Answer 76

lesser tubercle (shown in profile medially)

Question 77

For an AP projection of the shoulder (both internal and external rotation), the central ray is centered:

Answer 77

1 inch inferior to the coracoid process

Question 78

For the AP Projection—External Rotation: Shoulder, _________ tubercle is in profile and the _______ tubercle is superimposed over humeral head.

Answer 78

greater, lesser

Question 79

For an AP shoulder image, internal rotation, the: 1. effected shoulder positioned to place against the IR 2. central ray is centered to 1 inch inferior to the coracoid 3. imaginary line connecting the humeral epicondyles are perpendicular to the IR

Answer 79

1, 2, and 3

Question 80

What projection of the shoulder will demonstrate the lesser tubercle in profile?

Answer 80

AP projection internal rotation

Question 81

What anatomy is demonstrated on the AP axial projection of the toes? (1) Phalanges (2) Tarsals (3) Open IP and MTP joint spaces

Answer 81

1 and 3 only

Question 82

An optimal AP axial foot (non weight bearing) projection demonstrates all the following except a. an open medial-intermediate cuneiform joint space. b. uniform density across all metatarsals c. the calcaneus without talar superimposition. d. open TMT joint spaces.

Answer 82

the calcaneus without talar superimposition

Question 83

With what projection are the cuboid and its articulations best demonstrated?

Answer 83

AP oblique foot in medial rotation

Question 84

On a lateral foot image with accurate positioning, the ____________ is seen in profile

Answer 84

tuberosity/base of the 5th metatarsal

Question 85

For a 15- to 20-degree internally rotated AP oblique ankle projection, the leg is internally rotated until the _________ line is ______ with the IR.

Answer 85

intermalleolar, parallel

Question 86

A 15- to 20-degree internally rotated AP oblique ankle projection with accurate positioning demonstrates which of the following joints as open spaces? tibiotalar lateral mortise medial mortise

Answer 86

all of the above

Question 87

A non weight bearing lateral ankle projection with accurate positioning demonstrates 1. an open tibiotalar joint. 2. domes aligned 3. 1 inch (2.5 cm) of the fifth metatarsal base. 4. posterior half of the tibia superimposes fibia

Answer 87

1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 88

An axial calcaneus projection with the patient’s foot in correct dorsal flexion and the central ray angled 40 degrees proximally demonstrates 1. an elongated calcaneal tuberosity. 2. a foreshortened calcaneal tuberosity. 3. an open talocalcaneal joint space. 4. sustentaculum tali in profile

Answer 88

3 and 4

Question 89

An AP axial foot projection obtained with the foot laterally rotated demonstrates 1. an increase in metatarsal base superimposition 2. the calcaneus with decreased talar superimposition 3. the calcaneus with increased talar superimposition. 4. a decrease in metatarsal base superimposition.

Answer 89

1 and 3 only

Question 90

A lateral ankle image in which the leg is internally rotated will demonstrate

Answer 90

medial talar dome posterior to lateral talar dome

Question 91

true/false: For the lateral foot, the plantar surface does not have to be perpendicualr to the IR.

Answer 91

false

Question 92

true/false: When the foot is rotated correctly for an AP oblique foot projection all of the metatarsals are superimposed .

Answer 92

false

Question 93

For an AP axial projection of the clavicle, the exposure should be made:

Answer 93

end of inhalation

Question 94

An AP scapular image with accurate positioning demonstrates: 1. nearly superimposed anterior and posterior glenoid fossa margins 2. the medial (vertebral) scapular border without thoracic cavity superimposition 3. the humeral shaft at a 90-degree angle with the body 4. the scapular body with slight longitudinal foreshortening

Answer 94

1 and 3 only

Question 95

the CR for the AP axial clavicle is directed 15 to 30 degrees ______ to mid clavicle

Answer 95

cephalic

Question 96

What projection of the shoulder girdle requires that the patient be rotated 45 to 60 degrees from a PA position?

Answer 96

lateral scapula

Question 97

For the Lateral Scapula, patients are obliqued... 30 degrees 45 degrees 60 degrees until plane of scapula body is perpendicular to the IR

Answer 97

until plane of scapula body is perpendicular to the IR

Question 98

For the AP Oblique Projection of the Shoulder, the patient is rotated _____ degrees (towards/away from) affected shoulder

Answer 98

35-40, towards