week 12: toes-tib/fib

Question 1

size of IR and orientation of IR for toe exams

Answer 1

8x10 inches, landscape

Question 2

where is the CR centered for AP toe?

Answer 2

MTP joint in question

Question 3

where is the CR centered for oblique toe?

Answer 3

MTP joint in question

Question 4

without a wedged, for AP toe exams, how is the CR angled?

Answer 4

10-15 degrees towards calcaneus (CR perpendicular to phalanges)

Question 5

with a wedge, for AP toe exams, how is the CR angled?

Answer 5

if 15 degree wedge is used, CR is perpendicular to IR

Question 6

how would you rotate for AP Oblique toe digits 1, 2, and 3?

Answer 6

medially

Question 7

how would you rotate for AP Oblique toe digits 4 and 5?

Answer 7

laterally

Question 8

where is the CR centered for AP Oblique toes?

Answer 8

at MTP joint, perpendicular to IR

Question 9

for AP oblique toes, the metatarsal heads should appear (open/closed)

Answer 9

open

Question 10

for a lateral foot exam, the foot ____________; __________ needs to be lateral

Answer 10

needs to be in the same plane, entire leg

Question 11

how is the CR angled in lateral toe exam?

Answer 11

perpendicular to IR

Question 12

where is the CR centered for lateral toe exams?

Answer 12

CR directed to interphalangeal joint for 1st digit and to PIP joint for 2-5th digits

Question 13

general AP foot CR angle

Answer 13

10 deg posteriorly (towards heel); CR perpendicular to metatarsals

Question 14

AP foot CR angle for high arch

Answer 14

15 degrees

Question 15

AP foot CR angle for low arch

Answer 15

5 degrees

Question 16

AP foot CR angle for foreign body

Answer 16

no angle, CR perpendicular to IR

Question 17

where is the CR centered in AP foot exams?

Answer 17

base of third metatarsal

Question 18

IR size and orientation for AP foot

Answer 18

10x12 inches, portrait

Question 19

IR size and orientation for AP Oblique foot

Answer 19

10x12 inches, portrait

Question 20

note: AP projection of foot could be more accurately called…

Answer 20

AP Axial Foot

Question 21

in an AP foot, the MTP joints are generally ____

Answer 21

open

Question 22

how is the CR angled for an AP Oblique foot?

Answer 22

perpendicular (0 angulation)

Question 23

where is the CR directed for AP Oblique foot?

Answer 23

base of third metatarsal

Question 24

for an AP Oblique foot, rotate foot _____ to place ____ surface 30-40 (more likely __) degrees to plane of IR

Answer 24

medially, plantar, 40

Question 25

why is 40 deg. preferred over 30 degrees for an AP Oblique foot?

Answer 25

40 deg demonstrates tarsals and proximal metatarsals best relatively free of superimposition

Question 26

what is the angle of the CR for lateral foot?

Answer 26

perpendicular to IR

Question 27

where is the CR directed in a lateral foot?

Answer 27

medial cuneiform (at the level of the base of the 3rd metatarsal)

Question 28

Plantar surface is _______ to IR in a lateral foot exam

Answer 28

perpendicular

Question 29

what is the CR angle for plantodorsal (axial) projection for calcaneus x-ray?

Answer 29

CR 40 deg. Cephalad from long axis of foot (40 degrees from vertical if long axis of foot is perpendicular)

Question 30

where is the CR directed for plantodorsal (axial) projection for calcaneus x-ray?

Answer 30

Direct CR to base of third metatarsal to emerge at a level just distal to lateral malleolus (approx. curve of the arch of the foot)

Question 31

what is the CR angle for lateral (mediolateral) projection for calcaneus x-ray?

Answer 31

perpendicular to IR

Question 32

where is the CR directed for lateral (mediolateral) for calcaneus x-ray?

Answer 32

directed to a point 1 inch inferior to medial malleolus

Question 33

where is the CR directed for an AP ankle x-ray?

Answer 33

point midway between malleoli

Question 34

what is the CR angle for an AP ankle x-ray?

Answer 34

perpendicular to the IR

Question 35

for an AP ankle x-ray, the intermalleolar line (should/should not) be parallel to IR because ______________

Answer 35

should not, the malleoli are not parallel to each other

Question 36

the lateral malleolus is _________________

Answer 36

approximately 15 deg. more posterior

Question 37

evaluation criteria of AP ankle

Answer 37

Distal ⅓ of tibia and fibula Proximal ½ of metatarsals included Medial and superior aspect of ankle joint open

Question 38

for an AP Mortise ankle x-ray, __________ rotate entire leg and foot _____ deg until ________________

Answer 38

internally, 15-20, intermalleolar line is parallel to IR

Question 39

where is the CR directed for an AP Mortise ankle x-ray?

Answer 39

midway between malleoli

Question 40

what is the CR angle for an AP Mortise ankle x-ray?

Answer 40

perpendicular to the IR

Question 41

evaluation criteria for AP Mortise ankle x-ray

Answer 41

Entire ankle mortise open Distal ⅓ of tibia and fibula Proximal ½ of metatarsals included Optimal exposure factors

Question 42

in an AP 45 deg. Oblique ankle x-ray, you rotate the patient's ____________

Answer 42

leg and foot medially

Question 43

where is the CR directed for a AP 45 Oblique ankle x-ray?

Answer 43

midway between malleoli

Question 44

what is the CR angle for a AP 45 Oblique ankle x-ray?

Answer 44

perpendicular to IR

Question 45

Biggest difference between Mortise and 45 deg Oblique evaluation criteria

Answer 45

45 oblique is going to de-superimpose the tib/fib (thus closing the mortise)

Question 46

what is the CR angle for a lateral ankle x-ray?

Answer 46

perpendicular to the IR

Question 47

where is the CR directed for a lateral ankle x-ray?

Answer 47

medial malleolus

Question 48

45 Oblique ankle x-ray evaluation criteria

Answer 48

Distal tibiofibular joint open Distal ⅓ of tibia and fibula Proximal ½ of metatarsals included

Question 49

lateral ankle x-ray evaluation criteria

Answer 49

Entire talus and calcaneus Lateral malleolus superimposed over posterior half of tibia Optimal exposure factors

Question 50

where is the CR directed for an AP tib/fib x-ray?

Answer 50

directed to midpoint of lower leg

Question 51

what is the angle of the CR for an AP tib/fib x-ray?

Answer 51

perpendicular to the IR

Question 52

what is the angle of the CR for a lateral tib/fib x-ray?

Answer 52

perpendicular to the IR

Question 53

where is the CR directed for a lateral tib/fib x-ray?

Answer 53

directed to midpoint of lower leg

Question 54

evaluation notes for AP tib/fib

Answer 54

-Femoral and tibial epicondyles in profile with intercondylar eminence centered within intercondylar fossa -some overlap of fib and tib is visible at both proximal and distal ends

Question 55

what is the projection of a lateral tib/fib x-ray?

Answer 55

mediolateral projection

Question 56

the plane of the patella for a lateral tib/fib x-ray is going to be ________

Answer 56

perpendicular to the IR