Calf Diarrhea Flashcards

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1
Q

You are presented with a 4 day old calf with diarrhea, what infectious causes will be on your rule out list?

A

(E. coli (1-4 day old calves), rotavirus (4-14 day old calves), clostridium (0-28 day old calves), and salmonella (any age))

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2
Q

You are presented with a 7 day old calf with diarrhea, what infectious causes will be on your rule out list?

A

(Rotavirus (4-14 day old calves), coronavirus (7-30 day old calves), crypto (7-21 day old calves), salmonella (10 days-3 month old calves more commonly affected but can happen at any age), and clostridium (0-28 day old calves))

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3
Q

You are presented with a 17 day old calf with diarrhea, what infectious causes will be on your rule out list?

A

(Coronavirus (7-30 day old calves, crypto (7-21 day old calves), salmonella (any age), clostridium (0-28 day old calves))

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4
Q

You are presented with a 25 day old calf with diarrhea, what infectious causes will be on your rule out list?

A

(Coronavirus (7-30 day old calves), coccidiosis (21+ day old calves), salmonella (any age), and clostridium (0-28 day old calves))

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5
Q

How are rotavirus and coronavirus diagnosed besides the commercially available SNAP test (which also tests for E. coli)?

A

(Either fluorescent antibody testing at necropsy or electron microscopy on a fecal sample)

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6
Q

Why can you accurately assume that a calf under 21 days of age likely doesn’t have coccidia?

A

(Bc the incubation period for coccidia is 21 days, doesn’t mean it’s not impossible just highly unlikely)

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7
Q

ETEC E. coli is most commonly seen in calves, lambs, kids, and piglets during what age?

A

(1-4 days of age)

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8
Q

What are the goals for fluid therapy? 5 answers.

A

(Correct dehydration, correct electrolyte deficits, correct acid-base imbalances, supplement energy, and provide maintenance fluids)

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9
Q

How many mEq/L of potassium can be administered to correct hypokalemia and what needs to be added to the fluids in addition to the potassium?

A

(20 mEq/L, glucose and bicarb need to be added as well)

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10
Q

How many mEq of bicarb are in 1 ml of 8.4% bicarb solution?

A

(1 mEq)

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11
Q

What is the typical dose of bicarb given to animals with acidosis either over 10 minutes or added to their first bag of fluids?

A

(5-10 ml/kg body weight)

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12
Q

What is the daily maintenance fluid requirement for large animals?

A

(50-100 ml/kg)

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13
Q

What should the fluid rate be set at for intravenous replacement of fluid deficits in large animals that are not equids?

A

(50-80 ml/kg/hr for the first 2-4 (what he said in lecture)/4-8 (what his doc says) hours then drop to maintenance fluids)

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14
Q

Calves should be administered no more than how many liters of oral fluids at a time?

A

(2 L)

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