Mod 9 EIBI and Eclectic Treatments (Howard et al.)

Question 1

In the introduction, the authors identify a need for research on the relation between type of early autism intervention and outcomes as well as on studies that investigate what?

(Select all that apply)

type of intervention
intensity of intervention
optimal timing of intervention
duration of intervention

Answer 1

all of the above

Question 2

All participants in the current study met which of the following eligibility criteria?

(Select all that apply)

diagnosis of autistic disorder or PDD-NOS
intervention beginning before age 4
English as the primary language in the family
no more than 100 hours of prior treatment

Answer 2

all of the above

Question 3

Which of the following components were NOT included as part of the IBT group of children’s treatment?

Individualized goals and objectives based on standardized tests and direct observation measures
25-40 hours per week of 1:1 intervention
Formal structured sessions and less structured situations
Occupational therapy or speech therapy

Answer 3

Occupational therapy or speech therapy

Question 4

Which of the following components were included as part of the AP and GP groups of children’s treatment?

(Select all that apply)

no behavioral treatment
either 25-30 hours per week of 1:1 or 1:2 intervention or 15 hours a week of 1:6 intervention
preschool activities such as music and circle time
all intervention in classrooms

Answer 4

either 25-30 hours per week of 1:1 or 1:2 intervention or 15 hours a week of 1:6 intervention
preschool activities such as music and circle time
all intervention in classrooms

Question 5

Dependent measures included: standardized tests, administered by independent clinicians, measuring:

(Select all that apply)

non-verbal problem solving
intellect
language
adaptive skills

Answer 5

all of the above

Question 6

Why did the authors decide to use a multiple regression analysis to compare the results of children in IBT group to those of children in the other groups, and to compare the AP to GP group results to one another?

(Select all that apply)

in order to control for individual differences in the age of children at diagnosis and differences in parental education
T-tests would have worked except the analysis would be too time consuming.
in order to accommodate individual differences
There were three components that needed to be compared so multiple regression was required.

Answer 6

in order to control for individual differences in the age of children at diagnosis and differences in parental education

in order to accommodate individual differences

Question 7

At intake, children in all 3 groups showed clear evidence of developmental delay, with the greatest delays in (receptive and expressive language, verbal skills, or self-help skills)
skills.
The only statistically significant difference in the 3 groups was that the GP group had higher scores than the AP group in the
(nonverbal skills, adaptive, or play skills)
domain.

Answer 7

receptive and expressive language

nonverbal skills

Question 8

Which of the following is/are true about the results at follow-up (14 months after intake)?

(Select all that apply)

The IBT group produced normal or above-normal learning rates across all skill domains whereas only nonverbal skills were acquired at close to normal rates by children in the other 2 groups.
The IBT group had statistically significant higher mean scores in all domains (with the possible exception of motor skills) than the other two groups combined.
Learning rates at follow-up remained below normal for the large majority of children in the AP and GP groups.
Children in the IBT group exhibited larger mean treatment gains in all domains than children in the AP and GP groups combined.

Answer 8

all of the above

Question 9

What do the authors suggest the ineffectiveness of the “eclectic” treatment might be attributed to?

(Select all that apply)

use of therapies with limited scientific evidence of effectiveness
multiple daily transitions
primarily group formats
variability in treatment delivery

Answer 9

all of the above

Question 10

Which of the following are limitations of this study?

(Select all that apply)

The children in the AP and GP groups were not as successful as the children in the IBT group.
Treatment integrity was not measured for any group.
Treatment group assignment was parent-determined rather than random.
Results did not include repeated direct observational measurement of behavior.

Answer 10

Treatment integrity was not measured for any group.
Treatment group assignment was parent-determined rather than random.
Results did not include repeated direct observational measurement of behavior.