Avian Influenza Flashcards

1
Q

Virus/Bacteria/Fungus/Parasite

A

Virus

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2
Q

What family is it in?

A

Orthomyxoviridae

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3
Q

What is it’s structure?

A

Enveloped, negative sense ssRNA

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4
Q

Types of Avian Influenza

A

A(H5N1), AA(H5N2),
A(H5N3), A(H5N4), A(H5N5),
A(H5N6), A(H5N7), A(H5N8),
and A(H5N9)

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5
Q

H stands for

A

hemagglutinin

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6
Q

N stands for

A

neuroaminidase

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7
Q

Can the virus persist in environments for a long time?

A

yes

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8
Q

Most common species

A

humans, horses, pigs, canids, felids, some mustelids, and a wide variety of birds

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9
Q

Most common birds

A

waterfowl

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10
Q

Transmission Cycle

A

Bird->Bird directly through airborne and indirectly through fecal contamination of material(water and soil), feathers, or feed

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11
Q

Fomite

A

an object that can harbor a pathogen

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12
Q

Pathogenesis

A

types classified as low and high pathogenic
-Virus inhaled/ingested-> binds to receptors in respiratory tract or intestinal cells-> varied time between infection and presentation-> incites inflammatory process of immune system-> can lead to respiratory failure and death

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13
Q

Incubation period

A

1-7, up to 14 for entire flock

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14
Q

Time leading to viral shedding

A

4.5-18.5 days

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15
Q

Does is do better in drier or wetter environments?

A

wetter, it is infectious in water for about 32 days

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16
Q

Clinical Signs in Birds

A

lethargy, inappetence, ataxia, purple discoloration/swelling in multiple parts of body, diarrhea, nasal discharge, coughing, sneezing, reduced production or abnormal eggs

17
Q

Wild birds are often asymptomatic

A

true in well established versions, new versions can cause quick and rampant death

18
Q

Clinical signs in mammals

A

many similar to avian but also vomiting, difficulty breathing, and muscle aches

19
Q

Pathologic lesions

A

splenic and pancreatic necrosis, hemorrhage or petechiation of GI tissues and muscles(proventriculus and abdominal body wall areas), ascites in domesticated fowl, cyanosis of comb and/or feet

20
Q

Testing

A

Agar gel immunodiffusion(AGID): influenza A matrix or nucleoprotein antigens
ELISA: reaction with antibodies of H and N proteins

21
Q

Treatment

A

Supportive care, antibodies for secondary infections

22
Q

Management

A

lethal removal of wildlife in NOT recommended-> domesticated flocks will often be culled
-Still standing water: drain any that pools on property, avoid driving through puddles, avoid use of surface water in poultry care, ensure ponds cleaned and has wild fowl deterrents
-Cover waste
-secure buildings
-keep food sources locked away
-proper PPE when handling domestic fowl