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Biology A level > 1.6 ATP and Energy > Flashcards

1.6 ATP and Energy Flashcards

1
Q

What is ATP made of?

A

adenine
ribose
phosphates

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2
Q

What is adenine?

A

a nitrogen containing organic base

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3
Q

What is ribose?

A

a sugar molecule with 5 carbon ring structure = acts as a backbone for ATP it is where other parts of ATP are attached

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4
Q

What is phosphate in ATP structure?

A

a chain of 3 phosphate groups - key to how ATP stores energy

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5
Q

How does ATP release a lot of energy?

A

the bonds between the phosphate groups are unstable so it has a low activation energy- easily broken
when they break they release energy

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6
Q

What is the ATP hydrolysis equation?

A

ATP + H2O = ADP + Pi + E

E = energy
Pi= inorganic phosphate
it is a reversible reaction

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7
Q

What is ATP hydrolysis catalysed by?

A

ATP Hydrolase (enzyme)

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8
Q

What is ATP synthesis catalysed by?

A

ATP Synthase (enzyme)

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9
Q

What is a condensation reaction?

A

water is removed ( ATP synthesis)
energy is supplied from respiration

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10
Q

What is ATP real name?

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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11
Q

What is Pi?

A

Inorganic phosphate

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12
Q

What enzyme catalyses ATP hydrolysis?

A

ATP hydrolase

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13
Q

What type of reaction is ATP hydrolysis?

A

Exergonic = releases energy

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14
Q

What does ATP hydrolysis form?

A

ADP and Pi

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15
Q

What enzyme catalyses ATP synthesis?

A

ATP synthase

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16
Q

What type of reaction is ATP synthesis?

A

Endergonic = stores energy

17
Q

What molecules does ATP synthesis use?

A

ADP and Pi

18
Q

What are the 3 roles of ATP?

A

Energy donor molecule
Immediate energy source
Universal energy carrier molecule

19
Q

What does energy donor molecule mean?

A

Provides energy to reactions that need it - endergonic reactions

20
Q

What does universal energy carrier molecule mean?

A

All reactions in all cells in all organisms uses ATP as energy source

21
Q

What are the advantages of ATP over glucose?

A

Only one enzyme needed to hydrolyse ATP = releases energy immediately
Releases energy in usable quantities
Can be easily transported across organelle membranes - water soluble
Doesn’t need to be stored
Easily recycled to ADP and Pi

22
Q

What is a disadvantage of ATP to glucose?

A

Any cell that produces ATP needs to produce it itself so it needs mitochondria
The exception is sieve tube elements gets ATP from the companion cells

23
Q

What are simultaneous reactions?

A

They occur at the same time and something is transferred from one reaction to the other eg. Energy

24
Q

How is ATP produced?

A

Energy in glucose from resp is used in ATP synthesis with ADP and Pi to form ATP

25
Q

How is ATP broken down?

A

Energy from ATP synthesis is used in muscle contraction and ATP hydrolysis takes place to form ADP and Pi

Biology A level (19 decks)

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