一課

Question 1

〜際（に）

Answer 1

〜とき（formal)

Nの＋　際（に）
Ｖ辞書形 or た形＋　際（に）

It is mostly attached to verbs and nouns of actions or events (使う、完成する）（搭乗、外出）。Used mostly in public/formal settings. Not used with everyday, normal things.

Question 2

〜に際して／〜にあたって

Answer 2

〜するとき (formal)

N＋　に際して／にあたって
Ｖ辞書形＋　に際して／にあたって

〜に際して is used with volitional, one time, special things like opening a store or marriage. Verb comes afterwards. 〜にあたって is used with an active or assertive verb. Not used with words that have a negative image like separate, hospitalize, bankruptcy. Action verb also comes after.

Question 3

〜たとたん（に）

Answer 3

「〜したら、直後に意外なことが起こる。」
Something changing or happening in a moment.

Vた＋とたん（に）

Attaches to verbs that take only a short amount of time (stand, change, etc). Second half contains something unexpected. Not used with expressing the speaker’s wishes, or with 働きかけの文（ませんか、なさい）

Question 4

〜（か）と思うと・〜（か）と思ったら

Answer 4

「〜の後、すぐに続いて次の出来事や大きな変化が起こる。」
As soon as________, this unexpected thing happened or big change.

Vた＋（か）と思うと・（か）と思ったら

No used with the speaker’s actions. Second half has something a bit unexpected. Not used to express the speaker’s wishes.

Question 5

〜か〜ないかのうちに

Answer 5

「〜か終わると同時に、次のことが起こる。」
The first action isn’t quite over before the second one begins.

V dict/ta form＋か＋Vnai＋かのうちに

Attaches to verbs that take only a short amount of time (arrive, finish). Not followed by a sentence that expresses the speaker’s wishes or 働きかたの文。Unlike 〜（か）と思うと・〜（か）と思ったら、the feeling that the two things are happening almost at the same time is stronger.