３課

Question 1

〜てはじめて

Answer 1

「〜を経験した後や、〜という状態になった後で、今までになかったことが起こる。」
After_______ something that hadn’t happened until that point happens.

Vて＋はじめて

Followed by a sentence where something new occurs, something is realized, something is actualized/implamented, etc.

Question 2

〜上（で）

Answer 2

「準備としてまず〜してから、その後で次に続く行動をする。」
After _______ do _______
_________ will be done first

Vた＋上で
Nの＋上（で）

First and second half of the sentence have the same subject. Continuing from the actions made in the first half of the sentence, a volitional/intentional action follows in the second half. Sometimes when attaching to a noun the で is dropped. This makes it more formal. Not used with things that would seem to be a natural sequence of events.

Question 3

〜次第

Answer 3

「〜が実現した後、すぐに続けてある行動をする。」（硬い言い方）
After _______ is realized/happens, ___________.

Vますstem＋次第

Attach to words describing a moment when something comes to fruition that would be assumed to be the natural thing to happen.

Question 4

〜て以来・〜てこのかた

Answer 4

「〜してから今まで、ずっと同じ状態が続いている。」
Ever since _________ time/ _________ happened, _________ has always continued.

Vて＋以来・このかた

Attached to time in the past, but not the recent past. Followed by a sentence saying something has continued ever since then. Not followed by a sentence talking about the future.

Question 5

〜てからでないと・〜てからでなければ

Answer 5

「〜した後でなければ、あることが実現しない。」
If something doesn’t do or become _______, _______ will not be possible/happen.

Vて＋からでないと・からでなければ

Followed by a negative sentence.