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From Flashcardlet > General oncology 2013-2014 > Flashcards

General oncology 2013-2014 Flashcards

1
Q

Proto-oncogenes

A
  1. Normal genes that can be activated by mutation

2. Functional genes in normal cells

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2
Q

Haploinsufficiency

A

In tumor suppressor genes, one allele is mutated and can result in the cancer phenotype

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3
Q

Apoptosis vs Necrosis

Apoptosis:

A
  1. Membrane bleblebbing, no loss of integrity
  2. Shrinking of cytoplasm
  3. Alteration of membrane asymmetry
  4. Condensation of nucleus
  5. Mono and oligonucleosomal length fragmentation of DNA
  6. Ends with fragmentation of cells into smaller bodies
  7. Energy (ATP) dependent
  8. Activation of caspases
  9. Involves at least 2 different pathways
  10. No inflammatory response
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4
Q

Apoptosis vs Necrosis

Necrosis:

A
  1. Loss of membrane integrity
  2. Swelling of cytoplasm and mitochondria
  3. Membrane symmetry preserved
  4. Random digestion of DNA
  5. Ends with total cell lysis
  6. Energy independent
  7. Causes inflammatory response
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4
Q

Major Cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in Carcinogen activation or detoxification

A
  1. CYP1A1
  2. CYP1A2
  3. CYP2A6
  4. CYP2A13
  5. CYP1B1
  6. CYP2E1
  7. CYP3A4
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5
Q

Major Cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in Carcinogen activation or detoxification, key carcinogen(s):

CYP1A1

A
  1. benzo[a]pyrene

2. 6-nitrochrysene

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6
Q

Major Cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in Carcinogen activation or detoxification, key carcinogen(s):

CYP1A2

A
  1. 2-acetylaminofluorene
  2. aflatoxin B1
  3. beta-naphthylamine
  4. 4-aminobiphenyl protein
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7
Q

Major Cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in Carcinogen activation or detoxification, key carcinogen(s):

CYP2A6

A

NNK

Metabolism of nicotine

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8
Q

Major Cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in Carcinogen activation or detoxification, key carcinogen(s):

CYP2A13

A

NNK

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9
Q

Major Cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in Carcinogen activation or detoxification, key carcinogen(s):

CYP1B1

A

7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene

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10
Q

Major Cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in Carcinogen activation or detoxification, key carcinogen(s):

CYP2E1

A
  1. benzene
  2. chloroform
  3. vinyl chloride
  4. dimethylnitrosamine
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11
Q

Major Cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in Carcinogen activation or detoxification, key carcinogen(s):

CYP3E4

A
  1. aflatoxin B1
  2. 6-aminochrysene
  3. 1-nitropyrene
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12
Q

Conditions of the tumor microenvironment:

A

Decreased oxygen
Decreased pH
Decreased glucose and ATP
Increased lactate

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From Flashcardlet (43 decks)

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