Radiation Protection

Question 1

ICR

What is the full name?
When was it founded?

Answer 1

International Congress of Radiology

1928

Question 2

ICRP

What is the full name?
When was it founded?

Answer 2

International Commission on Radiological Protection

1928

Question 3

ICRU

What is the full name?
When was it founded?

Answer 3

International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements

1928

Question 4

In what year were the British recommendations adopted?

Answer 4

1915

Question 5

NCRP

What is the full name?
When was it founded?

Answer 5

National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements

1946

Question 6

NRC, DOE

What are the full names/
What do they do in the realm of radiation safety?

Answer 6

Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Department of Energy

Responsible for the implementation of radiation safety protocols

Question 7

UNSCEAR

What is the full name?
When was it founded?

Answer 7

United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation

1958 (first publication)

Question 8

BEIR (BEAR)

What is the full name?
When was it founded?

Answer 8

Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR)
Biological Effects of Atomic Radiation (BEAR)

1956 (BEAR) renamed BEIR in 1972

Question 9

What purpose do the UNSCEAR and BEIR committees serve?

Answer 9

These committees analyze and summarize data and then suggest risk estimates for radiation-induced cancer and heritable effects

Question 10

What is the purpose of ICRP, ICR, and EPA?

Answer 10

These committees formulate the concepts for use in radiation protection and recommend maximum permissible levels

Question 11

Which committee is involved with formulating rules for by-product materials

• In “agreement” states?
• In “non-agreement’ states?

Answer 11

Agreement states: NRC

Non-agreement: OSHA

Question 12

Tissue Weighting factor (Wt) for:

Lung, stomach colon, bone marrow, breast

Answer 12

0.12

Question 13

Tissue Weighting factor (Wt) for:

Gonads

Answer 13

0.08

Question 14

Tissue Weighting factor (Wt) for:

Thyroid, esophagus, bladder and liver

Answer 14

0.04

Question 15

Tissue Weighting factor (Wt) for:

Bone surface, skin, brain, and salivary glands

Answer 15

0.01

Question 16

ALARA

Answer 16

As Low As Reasonably Achievable

Question 17

Describe the shape of the curve for a

1. Deterministic effect
2. Stochastic effect
3. What are the x- and y- axis labels?

Answer 17

1. Sigmoid with threshold
2. Linear no threshold or LQ with no threshold
3. Radiation dose (x-), and % exposed individuals affected (y)

Question 18

Deterministic effect

What is it?
What are some examples?

Answer 18

Severity of effect increases with dose

ex: cataracts, mental retardation

Question 19

Stochastic effect

What is it?
What are some examples?

Answer 19

“All or nothing”.

ex: developing cancer, heritable effect

Question 19

Background exposure in U. S.

Answer 19

3.0 mSv = 0.3 rem

Question 20

NCRP recommendations of radiation exposure,

Occupational annual exposure

Answer 20

50 mSv
0.5 rem
500 mrem/yr

Question 21

NCRP recommendations of radiation exposure

Public annual exposure

Answer 21

1 mSvv
0.1 rem
100 mrem/yr

Question 22

NCRP recommendations of radiation exposure

Embryo-fetus exposures

Answer 22

5 mSv
0.5 rem
50 mrem/mo

Question 23

NCRP recommendations of radiation exposure

Negligible individual annual risk level

Answer 23

0. 01 mSv

0. 001 rem

Question 24

Rem to mSv conversion

Answer 24

0.1 rem = 100 mrem = 1 mSv