unit 5

Question 1

behaviorism

Answer 1

view that psych should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes

Question 2

law of effect

Answer 2

behaviors followed by positive consequences become more likely while behaviors followed by negative consequences are more unlikely

Question 3

positive reinforcement

Answer 3

allowing a child to play on their tablet after hw is finished (strengthens a response)

Question 4

negative reinforcement

Answer 4

You take away your child’s chores for the weekend because they kept their room clean all week

Question 5

primary reinforcer

Answer 5

reinforcing stimuli in the form of biological needs

Question 5

continuous reinforcement

Answer 5

praising an employee every time they perform well

Question 6

partial reinforcement

Answer 6

child getting gifts for every good grade becomes an expectation instead of a treat

Question 7

fixed ratio schedule

Answer 7

free drink after 10 drinks purchased
a child being given candy for every 3 pages they read

Question 8

variable ratio

Answer 8

gambling/lottery; unpredictable # of reinforcers

Question 9

fixed interval

Answer 9

weekly paycheck

Question 10

variable interval

Answer 10

varying time intervals; rechecking emails bc a response could come at any time

Question 11

negative punishment

Answer 11

losing access to a device

Question 12

positive punishment

Answer 12

adding more chores if the kid neglects their original responsibilities

Question 13

shaping

Answer 13

breaking down a new behavior into a series of steps, and gradually guiding the subject toward the desired outcome (toddler learning to walk)

Question 14

taste aversion

Answer 14

can be classically conditioned to dislike foods based on past experiences or genetically pre wired

Question 15

edward tolman

Answer 15

invented the cognitive map

Question 16

latent learning

Answer 16

learning that occurs but isn’t apparent until there’s an incentive for it

Question 17

internal locus of control

Answer 17

perception that you control your own fate

Question 18

external locus of control

Answer 18

perception that chance or outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate

Question 19

observational learning

Answer 19

the process of learning by watching the behaviors of others

Question 20

modeling

Answer 20

learning by copying the behavior of someone else.

Question 21

mirror neurons

Answer 21

fire in the same way when we actually recreate that action ourselves

Question 22

prosocial effects

Answer 22

positive, constructive, helpful behavior

Question 23

antisocial effects

Answer 23

observing violent behavior can lead to violent qualities as an adult

Question 24

neutral stimulus

Answer 24

at first elicits no response; ringing of the bell

Question 25

conditioned response

Answer 25

salivation

Question 26

unconditioned response

Answer 26

salivating for the food

Question 27

conditioned stimulus

Answer 27

ringing of the bell

Question 28

unconditioned stimulus

Answer 28

food

Question 29

thorndike

Answer 29

law of effect

Question 30

partial reinforcement schedule most resistant to extinction

Answer 30

variable ratio