Ch. 11 pt2 - Electricity Flashcards

1
Q

voltage

A

a measure of potential energy generated by separated charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

higher voltage =

A

greater charge difference between points

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

insulator

A

substance with high electrical resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

conductor

A

substance with low electrical resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ohm’s Law

A

more voltage=greater current; more resistance=smaller current

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

chemically gated channels

A

open only with binding of a specific chemical (neurotransmitter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

voltage gated channels

A

open and close in response to changes in membrane potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

mechanically gated channels

A

open and close in response to physical deformation of receptors (sensory receptors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

graded potentials

A

incoming signals operating over short distances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

action potentials

A

long distance signals of axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

depolarization

A

decrease in membrane potential (towards zero); inside of membrane becomes less negative than resting membrane potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

hyperpolarization

A

increase in membrane potential (away from zero); inside of membrane becomes more negative than resting membrane potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

receptor potential

A

graded potentials in receptors of sensory neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

postsynaptic potential

A

neuron graded potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Action Potentials are used in..

A

muscle cells and axons of neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Generating an Action Potential

A

(1) resting stage; (2) depolarization; (3) repolarization; (4) hyperpolarization

17
Q

generating AP - resting state

A

all gated Na+ and K+ channels are closed

18
Q

generating AP - depolarization

A

Na+ channels open

19
Q

generating AP - repolarization

A

Na+ channels are inactivating, K+ channels open

20
Q

generating AP - hyperpolarization

A

some K+ channels stay open, and Na+ channels reset

21
Q

refractory period

A

neuron can’t trigger another AP (Na+ channels are open, so neuron can’t respond to another stimulus)

22
Q

absolute refractory period

A

AP is all-or-none event; enforces one-way transmission of nerve impulses

23
Q

relative refractory period

A

only strong stimulus could stimulate an AP

24
Q

continuous conduction

A

slow; in nonmyelinated axons

25
Q

saltatory conduction

A

fast; in myelinated axons

26
Q

synapse

A

connect neurons

27
Q

presynaptic neuron

A

conducts impulses towards synapse (sends info)

28
Q

postsynaptic neuron

A

transmits electrical signal away from synapse (receives info)

29
Q

synaptic cleft

A

separate chemical synapses

30
Q

excitatory postsynaptic potentials

A

depolarization

31
Q

inhibitory postsynaptic potentials

A

hyperpolarization

32
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A

released at neurotransmitter junctions

33
Q

serial processing

A

input travels along one pathway

34
Q

reflex arcs

A

receptor, sensory neuron, CNS integration center, motor neuron, effector

35
Q

diverging circuit

A

one input, many outputs (amplifying circuit)

36
Q

converging circuit

A

many outputs, one input (concentrating circuit)

37
Q

reverberating circuit

A

signal travels through a chain of neurons, each feeding back to previous neurons (oscillating circuit); breathing, walking sleep-wake cycle

38
Q

parallel after-discharge circuit

A

signal stimulates neurons arranged in parallel arrays that eventually converge on a single output cell; impulses reach output cell at different times, causing a burst of impulses (after-discharge)