Respiration

Question 1

Respiration is a exothermic/endothermic reaction

Answer 1

exothermic
Transfers energy to the environment (usually in the form of heat)

Question 2

Respiration -

Answer 2

chemical reaction in which living cells use glucose (food) to release energy in the form ofATP

Question 3

Word equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 3

Glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water

Question 4

What do organisms need energy for:

Answer 4

• chemical (anabolic )reactions to build larger molecules from smaller ones
• animals: enable muscles to contract i.e. for movement
• mammals + birds: maintain steady body temperature

Question 5

What is glucose stored as?

Answer 5

glycogen- glucose bonded in chains

Question 6

When does anaerobic respiration occur in muscles?

Answer 6

When there is insufficient oxygen available to meet the oxygen demand

Question 7

Anaerobic respiration is the ……….

Answer 7

Incomplete oxidation of glucose
(As a result less energy transferred to the environment as glucose not fully oxidised)

Question 8

Word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles cells:

Answer 8

Glucose —> Lactic Acid

Question 9

Name 4 key differences between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration:

Answer 9

• less energy released by anaerobic respiration
• no oxygen used in anaerobic respiration
• lactic acid formed as a waste product in anaerobic respiration
• no carbon dioxide produced in anaerobic respiration

Question 10

What is muscle fatigue

Answer 10

• Occurs when lactic acid builds up in muscles due to oxygen debt (when there is a high level of anaerobic respiration e.g. after vigorous exercise)
• causes muscles to stop contracting efficiently

Question 11

What happens to the lactic acid after it is produced?

Answer 11

• lactic acid diffuses out of muscles into plasma
• plasma carries lactic acid to liver
• in liver 1/5 of lactic acid converted back to glucose and 4/5 converted to glycogen

Question 12

Where does aerobic respiration mostly occur

Answer 12

Mitochondria

Question 13

Name 3 effects that exercise has on out body:

Answer 13

1. Increased heart rate
2. Increase breathing rate + depth (volume of each breath increases)
3. Vasodilation (get wider) of the arterioles supplying the skeletal muscles and surface of skin occurs

Question 14

What are the reason heart rate increases during exercise?

Answer 14

• more blood to muscles
• more oxygen to muscles
• more glucose to muscles
• more aerobic respiration
• more energy released
• more carbon dioxide removed from muscles into lungs for exhalation
• more lactic acid removed from muscles

Question 15

What are the reasons breathing rate and depth increases during exercise?

Answer 15

• more oxygen in
• muscles respire more
• muscles need more energy but produce more CO2
• remove more CO2 from muscles to lungs for exhalation

Question 16

What are the reasons for Vasodilation of the arterioles(smaller arteries) during exercise?

Answer 16

• remove more heat from skeletal muscles
• carry to skin’s surface for removal by radiation
• prevent enzymes and other proteins in muscle denaturing

Question 17

All of the changes in your body during exercise occur to:

Answer 17

• supply more oxygen to the skeletal muscles
• supply more glucose to the skeletal muscles
• remove more carbon dioxide from the skeletal muscles and carry it to the lungs for exhalation
• remove more lactic acid from the skeletal muscles and carry it to the liver where it is broken down to glucose for respiration or converted to glycogen for storage
• remove more heat from the skeletal muscles and carry it to the surface of the body for removal by radiation to prevent enzymes other proteins in the muscles denaturing

Question 18

What stored inside muscle cells are used during exercise and what do they use to for

Answer 18

• Glycogen stored in their cells
• break it down to produce glucose which is respired to release energy

Question 19

What is the chemical reaction word equation in yeast:

Answer 19

Glucose —> ethanol + carbon dioxide

Question 20

What is fermentation

Answer 20

The process of anaerobic respiration in yeast cells

Question 21

Fermentation can be used in manufacturing to produce what products?

Answer 21

Bread
Alcoholic drinks

Question 22

How has bread make

Answer 22

• bubbles of carbon dioxide get trapped in the dough and cause dough to rise
• ethanol produced as a wast produce evaporates when break is baked in oven

Question 23

How is alcoholic drink made

Answer 23

• the ethanol makes wine and beer alcoholic

Question 24

When do plant respire anaerobically?

Answer 24

• when they have insufficient oxygen e.g when their roots are in water-logged soil
• can lead to root cell death which can lead to plant death