Unit 4 Review

Question 1

Five core values

Answer 1

Individualism, equality of opportunity, free enterprise, rule of law, limited government

Question 2

Individualism

Answer 2

Places emphasis on self reliance and independence

Question 3

Equality of opportunity

Answer 3

The belief that every American regardless of their race, gender, etc. deserves equality in life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness

Question 4

Free enterprise

Answer 4

As little government intervention in economy as possible

Question 5

Rule of law

Answer 5

Belief that every citizen is equal under the law & no one has any special privileges

Question 6

Limited government

Answer 6

A government whose restrained through separation of powers & checks & balances

Question 7

Conservatives

Answer 7

Cherish established institutions & seek to preserve them for the good of society. Emphasize smaller government.

Question 8

Liberals

Answer 8

Push for new reforms in order to make society more equal and just

Question 9

Views on Individualism

Answer 9

Conservatives
Self-centered individualism: Emphasize the interest of the individual above the interests of society
Liberals
Enlightened individualism: emphasizes the interests of society above the interest of the individual

Question 10

Views on Equality of Opportunity

Answer 10

Conservatives
Meritocracy: everyone rises in society based on their own toil & sweat
Liberals
Meritocracy with condition: not all groups start that climb in the same place

Question 11

Views on Free Enterprise

Answer 11

Conservatives
Want the government to stay out of businesses & just let the free market decide what’s best
Liberals
Want the government to intervene with appropriate regulations to ensure safety & equality

Question 12

Views on Rule of Law

Answer 12

Conservatives
Sees the laws themselves as embodying equality, emphasize the letter of the law
Liberals
Laws embody equality with a condition: emphasize the unequal application of those laws especially in regards to minority groups

Question 13

Views on Limited Government

Answer 13

Conservatives
Want to define strong boundaries of federalism, less government interference in peoples’ lives
Liberals
Embrace the need for government intervention in society for the sake of the greater good

Question 14

Political socialization

Answer 14

How we come to form our political opinions

Question 15

Factors that contribute to political socialization

Answer 15

Family, schools, peers, media, civic / religious organizations, globalization

Question 16

Generational effects

Answer 16

A person’s voting behavior & political ideology is very influenced by the generation they’re born in

Question 17

Life-cycle effects

Answer 17

Whatever stage of life a person is in will contribute to their political beliefs & behaviors

Question 18

Political events

Answer 18

Any event that’s significant in the life of our nation, can have an affect on our political beliefs
EX: FDR’s New Deal after Great Depression, 9/11

Question 19

Poll writing process

Answer 19

Writing questions that are free from bias, presenting them to a small random group of people, generalizing results to the larger population

Question 20

Types of polls

Answer 20

Opinion poll: helps get a feel for the public’s opinion on a certain topic or candidate
Benchmark poll: poll taken at the beginning of a candidate’s run
Tracking poll: conducted over time usually w/ the same group of people
Entrance / Exit Poll: polls conducted at voting sites that ask people how they voted

Question 21

Sampling methodology

Answer 21

A sample needs to be representative (have the same characteristics as the larger population its measuring) & needs to be random

Question 22

Sampling error

Answer 22

Always a chance that the sample wont exactly represent the general population
• If a poll has a plus or minus 3 sampling error then its a good & representative poll

Question 23

Mass survey

Answer 23

When pollsters put together a questionnaire that can be given to as many people as possible. Can only measure quantitative data

Question 24

Focus group

Answer 24

When pollsters measure the opinion of a small group of people. Collects qualitative data

Question 25

Social desirability bias

Answer 25

When people are filling out surveys and they give a socially desirable answer even if they disagree with it

Question 26

Non-response bias

Answer 26

Certain groups are more likely to respond to public opinion polls than others

Question 27

Political ideology

Answer 27

Set of ideas that form the basis for political decision making

Question 28

Conservative ideology

Answer 28

Emphasize limited government, strong stances of crime & punishment, states’ rights above federal power

Question 29

Liberal ideology

Answer 29

Emphasizes civil rights for the marginalized, equal opportunity, government involvement in public affairs

Question 30

Republican party

Answer 30

Most closely aligns with conservation ideology

Question 31

Party platform

Answer 31

Set of goals published by a certain party that they plan to pursue should their candidate win an election

Question 32

Democratic party

Answer 32

Most closely aligns with liberal ideology

Question 33

Fiscal policy

Answer 33

Decisions the government makes about spending & taxation

Question 34

Monetary policy

Answer 34

Actions by a central bank, like adjusting interest rates or money supply, to control inflation, economic growth, & maintain price stability

Question 35

Federal reserve process

Answer 35

Buy & sell government bonds
Set reserve requirements
Setting interest rates

Question 36

Explain both parties views on fiscal policy

Answer 36

Liberals: Keynesian - government spending
Conservatives: Supply-side - support businesses

Question 37

Explain both party’s views on monetary policy

Answer 37

Conservatives: favor using it to stabilize the economy
Liberals: believe its too slow to effect real change

Question 38

Libertarians

Answer 38

Want as little government involvement as possible, including social issues. With economic issues they lean more conservative & with social issues they lean more liberal