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Forest Ecology & Management > Chapter 14: Forest Wildlife Management > Flashcards

Chapter 14: Forest Wildlife Management Flashcards

1
Q

In forestry, this describes all non-domesticated animals, plants, and other organisms

A

Wildlife

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2
Q

What does wildlife typically focus on?

A

Animals

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3
Q

What percentage of global biodiversity is in forests?

A

60%

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4
Q

What are two ways that wildlife are integral components of forests?

A
  1. Ecological roles; 2. Forest goods and services
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5
Q

Wildlife are traditionally seen as this in forest management

A

Amenities

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6
Q

Is wildlife usually a primary objective in forest management?

A

No

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7
Q

Is management now more explicitly wildlife-oriented?

A

Yes

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8
Q

What are three types of inherent value of wildlife?

A

Consumptive, non-consumptive, biodiversity

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9
Q

What are three examples of consumptive activities involving wildlife?

A

Hunting, fishing, fur trapping

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10
Q

What are five consumptive values of wildlife?

A

Food, fur, recreation, cultural value, income

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11
Q

What are three non-consumptive activities involving wildlife?

A

Birding, photography, outdoor recreation

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12
Q

What are three non-consumptive values of wildlife?

A

Recreational, cultural, income

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13
Q

This wildlife value maintains ecosystem integrity

A

Biodiversity value

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14
Q

Do only a few species play important roles in wildlife biodiversity value?

A

No

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15
Q

What are four examples of wildlife biodiversity values?

A

Ecosystem services, food, drugs, ecotourism

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16
Q

What are five different types of forest species?

A
  1. Early successional; 2. Mixed-age forest; 3. Old-growth forest; 4. Edge habitat; 5. Riparian zone
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17
Q

Many species thrive after this in early succession

A

Fire/disturbance

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18
Q

In early successional forests, these provide nutritious seeds and forest

A

Pioneer plants

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19
Q

These two types of animals use pioneer habitats for nesting

A

Birds and rodents

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20
Q

These forest habitats have patchy disturbance leading to forest mosaics

A

Mixed-age forests

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21
Q

Mixed-age forests have patches in different these

A

Successional stages

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22
Q

In mixed-age forests, this leads to diverse food and shelter

A

Complex habitat

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23
Q

Do mixed-age forests support high species diversity?

A

Yes

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24
Q

What are three characteristics of old-growth forests?

A
  1. Large living trees/snags; 2. Multi-layered vegetation; 3. Pit and mound forest floor
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25
Q

Old-growth forests have many specialist species with small these

A

Niches

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26
Q

Are old-growth forests often home to rare/endangered species?

A

Yes

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27
Q

This type of forest habitat is often diverse and complex

A

Edge habitat

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28
Q

Edge habitats offer these two resources in close proximity

A

Food and cover

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29
Q

Edge habitats support high diversity of these three types of animals

A

Insects, birds, rodents

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30
Q

Edge habitats often attract these

A

Predators

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31
Q

These forest habitats have vegetation bordering water bodies

A

Riparian zones

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32
Q

Riparian zones are often productive, with this type of soil

A

Wet and fertile

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33
Q

These may play a regenerative role in riparian zone forest habitats

A

Floods

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34
Q

What two types of fauna do riparian zone forest habitats support?

A

Terrestrial and aquatic

35
Q

Riparian zone forest habitats are vital nesting grounds for these

A

Waterfowl

36
Q

What are four influences of wildlife on forests?

A
  1. Dispersal; 2. Insect predation; 3. Herbivory; 4. Soil cycling
37
Q

What are two ways animals influence plant dispersal?

A

Dispersing seeds/spores and pollination

38
Q

Insect predation by wildlife in forests is important for this

A

Pest control

39
Q

What are two ways herbivory influences forests?

A

Grazing/browsing acts as disturbance and selective grazing can stall succession

40
Q

What is one way wildlife influence forest soil cycling?

A

Earthworms/burrowers mix soils

41
Q

What are five forest management activities that affect wildlife?

A
  1. Fire suppression; 2. Prescribed burning; 3. Timber harvest; 4. Forest fragmentation; 5. Chemical application
42
Q

What are four ways fire suppression affects forest wildlife?

A
  1. Alter natural disturbance regimes; 2. Promotes late successional forests; 3. Favors shade tolerant trees; 4. Eliminates early successional biota that require disturbance
43
Q

What are two ways prescribed burning is important for forest wildlife?

A
  1. Management of early successional forests; 2. Restoring fire-dependent systems
44
Q

What are four ways timber harvesting affects forest wildlife?

A
  1. Replacing fire as disturbance; 2. Increasing edge habitat; 3. Benefits early succession/edge species; 4. Large clearcuts decrease diversity
45
Q

What are three ways that fragmenting forest with roads and harvesting affects wildlife?

A
  1. Reducing forest core; 2. Increasing forest edge; 3. Roads raise stream sedimentation
46
Q

How do harvesting and roads affect forest patches?

A

Patch size decreases and patch isolation increases

47
Q

How do harvesting and roads affect forest core and edge habitats?

A

Decreasing core and increasing edge

48
Q

What are two ways that chemical use affects forest wildlife?

A
  1. Reduces food supply for herbivores and insectivores; 2. Bioaccumulation concentrates toxins up the food chain
49
Q

Banning this chemical has lead to resurgence of raptors

A

DDT

50
Q

What are five methods of managing forests for wildlife?

A
  1. Protecting endangered species; 2. Preserving snags/woody debris; 3. Protecting riparian zones; 4. Protecting unique habitats; 5. Manipulating wildlife habitat
51
Q

This is the primary cause of forest species extinction

A

Habitat loss

52
Q

Management must protect this for endangered species

A

Critical habitat

53
Q

Large predators need this

A

Large range

54
Q

Protecting these species is a strategy for preserving biodiversity

A

Umbrella species

55
Q

These are often destroyed during harvest

A

Snags and woody debris

56
Q

What are three ways that different types of snags/woody debris are crucial habitat components?

A
  1. Snag cavities nest birds and mammals; 2. Slash piles provide cover and food; 3. Fallen logs provide food and habitat
57
Q

In proper snag management, how many snags should be retained per acre?

A

At least 2-4

58
Q

What are two ways to recruit snags from living trees?

A

Girdling and injection

59
Q

What are five reasons why riparian zones are excellent wildlife habitat?

A
  1. High plant and insect diversity; 2. Natural travel corridors; 3. Sources of standing water; 4. Abundant dead wood; 5. Reducing sediment runoff
60
Q

In riparian forest zones, these enhance fish habitat

A

Fallen logs

61
Q

What is another name for riparian forest management zones?

A

Streamside management zones

62
Q

Are wider stream management zones more effective for wildlife?

A

Yes

63
Q

What are six examples of small unique habitats in forests?

A
  1. Vernal ponds; 2. Wetlands; 3. Old home sites; 4. Oak groves; 5. Blackberry thickets; 6. Rock outcrops and boulder fields
64
Q

What are three wildlife needs that manipulating wildlife habitat can address?

A

Food, water, cover

65
Q

What are two goals of manipulating wildlife habitat?

A

Increasing plant diversity and increasing habitat complexity

66
Q

What effect does increasing plant diversity have on forest habitats?

A

Provides variety of food and shelter

67
Q

What effect does increasing habitat complexity have on forest habitats?

A

Supports greater biodiversity

68
Q

This refers to seeds and fruits of woody plant species

A

Mast

69
Q

What are the two types of mast?

A

Hard and soft mast

70
Q

What are three examples of hard mast?

A

Acorns, hickory nuts, beechnuts

71
Q

What are three examples of soft mast?

A

Catkins, berries, drupes

72
Q

Mast yield varies depending on these three factors

A

Species, location, climate

73
Q

What are three forest wildlife management methods?

A
  1. Silvicultural methods; 2. Prescribed fire; 3. Other tools
74
Q

Even-aged management promotes these species

A

Early successional species

75
Q

Silvicultural methods are useful for habitat of these three species

A

Deer, quail, turkey

76
Q

This silvicultural method increases light and mast production in a forest

A

Thinning

77
Q

Thinning is very effective combined with this silvicultural method

A

Fire

78
Q

This type of cutting is used in uneven-aged forests

A

Selective cutting

79
Q

What type of tree should cutting target?

A

Less valuable wildlife trees

80
Q

This forest management method reduces duff and improves forage

A

Prescribed fire

81
Q

What is prescribed fire often combined with to manage forests for wildlife?

A

Cutting

82
Q

These two forest management methods can promote grass species

A

Disking and mowing

83
Q

Food plots plant these two types of plants as a forest wildlife management method

A

Grains and legumes

84
Q

What are two artificial structures that can be built to manage forest wildlife?

A

Nest boxes and artificial ponds

Forest Ecology & Management (11 decks)

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