DSM and ICD Flashcards
what is a classification system
- a checklist of signs and symptoms which help a clinician reach a diagnosis of a specific disorder
- often done by the process of elimination
what is the DSM
- the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders and is published by the American Psychiatric society, provides criteria for diagnosis
- was first published in 1952 and has been 6 versions - current DSM V was published in May 2013
how was the DSM formed
- developed for the need for a census of mental health disorders
- the US army had developed a system to diagnose mainly using descriptions e.g. neurosis and psychosis, from this a list of symptoms developed and then so did the DSM
what is neurosis
- mental health disorders that fall just outside of normal functioning but the individual is still in touch with reality and knows they are ill
what is psychosis
- mental health issues where the individual has lost touch with reality
what are criticisms of the DSM V
- doesn’t reflect where science will go in the future
- trying to make normal behaviour seem abnormal (as seen in Rosenhan)
what are the changes made from then DSM-IV-TR to the DSM-V
- abolished the axis as these made it hard to draw and link symptoms
- removed unnecessary diagnoses for example autism spectrum disorder is just one category
- reflect social change for example war in Iraq and Afghanistan has shown more symptoms of PTSD. such as flashbacks
how is the DSM-V used
3 sections:
- section l = introduces changes from DSM-IV-TR and explains how it is diagnosed
- section ll = diagnostic criteria and codes - used by clinicians using observation, and interviews (structured and unstructured)
- section lll = measures and models concerning the future of diagnosis
this disorders are organised chronologically, those that usually happen earlier in life are first and later are last
what is the ICD
the international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems
includes a look at the general health of the population and is used to monitor incidence and prevalence
the ICD provides morality numbers for WHO
describe the ICD-10
- published in May 1990 and includes both physical and mental disorders
- it is multilingual and a freely available resource
what did reed et al (2011) find
- asked 4,887 psychiatrist around the world whether they used the ICD
- found that 70% said they used the ICD-10 most for mental disorders
- 23% said they use the DSM
how is the ICD organised
- groups each disorder into a family e.g. schizotypal and delusion disorder if F.20-F.29
- sections l-Vl